Persistent infection of Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the strongest epidemiological factor associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. These days, infection with Human papillomavirus is the most common type of sexually transmitted disease. In most cases, infection is asymptomatic and it remains undiagnosed. Women infected with high-risk types of the virus are at greater risk of developing severe dysplastic changes or cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HPV type 16/18, cytology, colposcopy, biopsy and risk factors of developing intraepithelial lesions of low L-SIL and a high level of H-SIL. The study included 864 patients who had undergone detection of HPV type 16/18 DNA using in situ hybridization. All study participants were divided into three categories according to the presence of H-SIL, L-SIL and benign histologic findings. In the case study group that had L-SIL and H-SIL there was a significant higher percentage of HPV infection than in the group of patients with benign histologic findings. The percentage of H-SIL is highest in patients who had HR-HPV infection with types 16/18, sexual intercourse before 16 the age and two to five sexual partners. This study indicates that among the H-SIL intraepithelial neoplasia, there is a high presence of HR-HPV 16/18 related to the number of sexual partners and early sexual intercourse at a younger age as a statistically significant presence of these genotypes with L-SIL intraepithelial neoplasia.

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