Cambria B, West L. Lethal Rashes. Physician Assistant Clinics. 2017;2(3):371–84.
2.
Asano K, Narita K, Hirose S, Nakane A. Contribution of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 to systemic inflammation investigated by a mouse model of cervicovaginal infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 2018;207(5–6):297–306.
3.
Hoge CW. The Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections and the Emergence of Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome. JAMA. 1993;269(3):384.
4.
Strom MA, Hsu DY, Silverberg JI. Prevalence, comorbidities and mortality of toxic shock syndrome in children and adults in the USA. Microbiology and Immunology. 2017;61(11):463–73.
5.
Török ME, Day NPJ. Staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. Medicine. 2014;42(1):1–7.
6.
Kotb M. Bacterial pyrogenic exotoxins as superantigens. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1995;8(3):411–26.
7.
Aguilar JL, Varshney AK, Pechuan X, Dutta K, Nosanchuk JD, Fries BC. Monoclonal antibodies protect from Staphylococcal Enterotoxin K (SEK) induced toxic shock and sepsis by USA300Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence. 2017;8(6):741–50.
8.
Varshney AK, Mediavilla JR, Robiou N, Guh A, Wang X, Gialanella P, et al. Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2009;75(21):6839–49.
Li J, Yang J, Lu Y wei, Wu S, Wang M rui, Zhu J min. Possible Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Viral Immunology. 2015;28(7):354–9.
11.
Chuang YY, Huang YC, Lin TY. Toxic Shock Syndrome in Children. Pediatric Drugs. 2005;7(1):11–25.
12.
Low DE. Toxic Shock Syndrome. Critical Care Clinics. 2013;29(3):651–75.
13.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A. The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2018;54(6):807–14.
14.
Vergeront JM, Stolz SJ, Crass BA, Nelson DB, Davis JP, Bergdoll MS. Prevalence of Serum Antibody to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin F among Wisconsin Residents: Implications for Toxic-Shock Syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1983;148(4):692–8.
15.
Parsonnet J, Hansmann MA, Delaney ML, Modern PA, DuBois AM, Wieland-Alter W, et al. Prevalence of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1-Producing Staphylococcus aureus and the Presence of Antibodies to This Superantigen in Menstruating Women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005;43(9):4628–34.
16.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):486–552.
Citation
Copyright
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
