Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio da utvrdimo u kom procentu je D weak antigen prisutan kod primaoca i trudnica u našoj ustanovi, kao i koji Rh fenotip dominira kod tako tipiziranih eritrocita. Za određivanje RhD antigena koristili smo dve različite serije monoklonskih antiD test reagenasa. Uzorci koji su u Indirektnom antiglobulinskom testu bili pozitivni označeni su fenotipom D weak. Dalje ispitivanje fenotipa D weak je sprovedeno sa dva monoklonska IgM anti-D test reagensa različitih proizvođača. Ispitivanim eritrocitima označenim kao D weak određen je i Rh fenotip korišćenjem monoklonskih test seruma anti-C, anti-c, anti-E i anti-e. U toku 2009. godine 11779 uzoraka bolesnika i trudnica je rutinski tipizirano na prisutnost RhD antigena. Nakon izvođenja Indirektnog antiglobulinskog testa 42 uzorka su određena kao D weak fenotip (0,35%). Dominantni Rh fenotipi kod D weak pozitivnih eritrocita su bili CcDw ee (78,5%) i CCDw ee (16,6%). Aglutinacije sa dva IgM anti-D test reagensa u pokazivale različit intezitet i stepen aglutinacije. Eritrociti 14 uzoraka (33,3%) su pokazali odsustvo aglutinacije (negativan rezultat) sa oba reagensa. Samo eritrociti 6 uzoraka (14,2%) su imale skor aglutinacije od +3 do +4. Našim ispitivanjem smo ustanovili da je procenat pojavljivanja fenotipa D weak u saglasnosti sa podacima objavljenim u literaturi. Pravilnim odabirom anti-D test seruma, kao i poštovanjem savremenih preporuka za testiranje RhD antigena moguće je serološkim testiranjem odrediti slabiju varijantu D antigena. Jedini pozudani testovi koji omogućavaju razrešavanje antigen D diskrepance su molekularni testovi, koji na žalost u našoj zemlji još uvek nisu implementirani.

U pedijatrijskoj praksi poslednjih godina uočena je povećana učestalost pleuralnih efuzija. Prema načinu nastanka pleuralne efuzije su podeljene na eksudate i transudate. U grupi eksudata najčešće se sreću parapneumonične efuzije i empijem. Parapneumonična efuzija kod dece definiše se obično kao nakupljanje pleuralne tečnosti u toku akutne bakterijske pneumonije, a ređe u sklopu virusne pneumonije i tuberkuloznog pleuritisa. Empijem označava prisustvo purulentnog sadržaja u pleuralnom prostoru. Glavni bakterijski uzročnik pneumonija udruženih s izlivom je Streptococcus pneumoniae serotip 1. Kod 10% bolesnika ne dolazi do povlačenja pleuralne efuzije i pored konzervativnog lečenja. Tada sprovodimo standardizovan postupak prema smernicama BTS vodiča, sa algoritmom dijagnostičko-terapijskih mera. Signifikantna količina pleuralne tečnosti koja perzistira i kompromituje plućnu funkciju čini komplikovanu pleuralnu efuziju i indikovana je torakalna drenaža. Pri pojavi septacija i lokulacija u pleuralnom prostoru, neophodna je intrapleuralna instilacija fibrinolitika. Primena Streptokinaze je bezbedna, efikasna, smanjuje potrebu za hirurškim lečenjem i zajedno sa ostalim terapijskim merama dovodi do kompletnog oporavka deteta. Rana video-asistirana torakoskopija u kombinaciji sa fibrinoliticima verovatno će u budućnosti biti metoda izbora.

Ultrasound examination of the fetal arches is important to highlight babies at greatest risk of perinatal collapse, those with ductus-dependent lesions. Diagnosis of those anomalies before discharge from home is difficult because the arterial duct is patent. Routine incorporation of the three vessel and tracheal view at screening is essential to better detect this important sub-group of babies with congenital heart disease in a timely manner.

We reviewed our experience with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLA) after multiple cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens in nonseminomatous testicular tumors (NSTT) patients and specifically evaluated clinicopathologic and treatment trend in addition to potential predictors of survival. Fort-one patients with NSTT underwent their RPLA between 1982 and 2005 after ≥ 2 regimens of chemotherapy. Thirteen patients (32%) necessitate redo-RPLA, combined with nephrectomy in 6 patients. 13 extra-RP (ERP) resections were performed in 11 patients (27%), including pulmonary (7), neck (4) and liver (2) sites. Thirty patients (73%) are rendered free of disease and 26 (63%) obtained serologic remission. Nine patients who relapse, necessitated new salvage chemotherapy+surgery (3 teratoma, 6 vital carcinoma [VC]). Four of 9 relapsing patients (44%) are currently free of disease with redoRPLA. Alive, free of disease are 19 pts (46%) at median follow-up of 131 months. Study of RP pathology demonstrated the presence of fibrosis in 15%, teratoma in 39% and VC in 46%, with survival in 67%, 56% and 32%, respectively. Different histology occurred in 38% at redo-RPLA and in 64% at ERP resection in comparison to previous RP pathology. Univariate analysis of clinicopathologic parameters associated with VC at RPLA included RP masses ≥ 5 cm (p<0.05), elevated AFP (p<0.001) or HCG (p<0.05) and ERP resection (p<0.04). On univariate analysis survival was worse in patients with RP masses ≥ 5 cm (p<0.04), elevated AFP (p<0.05) or HCG (p<0.007), ERP resection (p<0.01) and VC (p<0.004). On multivariable analysis, a RP masses ≥ 5 cm (p<0.03) and VC (p<0.005) predicted a worse prognosis. Our data support the continued use of salvage RPLA in three separated groups of patients: 1. Patients who achieved a complete response (CR) to 2nd -line chemotherapy and have no radiologic evidence of disease should undergo RPLA; 2. Patients who achieved a partial response (PR) to chemotherapy should undergo RPLA with ERP surgery, as indicated; 3. Highly selected group of patients with residual masses and elevated serum tumor markers (STM), particularly AFP, after chemotherapy may be candidate for surgery.

The most common tumor in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. The purpose of this study is to present proportional representation according to gender and age, incidence of histological type, as well as relation between tumor magnitude, clinical symptoms and prognosis. A group of 38 patients with PCA expansion were examined and treated in time interval from 2006 until 2010 at clinical-hospital center “KBC Zemun – Belgrade”. Gender proportion was 22 female (57,1%) and 16 male (42,9%). Middle-aged patients (from 30 to 60 years) were predominant in age proportion 20(52,6%). The most frequent tumor in the study was vestibular schwannoma (63,1%) followed by meningioma (31,6%). The rest were various histological type tumors like cholestatoma, plexus papilloma, glioma etc. (5,3%). Tumor magnitude proportion showed that the most of the scwanoma (over 95%) were grades III and IV (according to Koss classification). The leading admission symptoms were: deferent degrees of hearing loss, cerebellar disorders and trigeminal lesions. The analysis of postoperative results for 38 patients have shown: mortality rate of 13,2%, complete lesion of facial nerve(39,4%), partial lesion(33,3%) and (27,3%) without lesion of facial nerve. Lesions of lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X and XI) had 3 patients (9%) and pyramid deficit had 6(17,3%) patients. This study showed that typical PCA vestibular schwannoma is predominantly in female and elder population presented. Recommended treatment is surgical (total or subtotal extirpation), followed by adjuvant therapy for elder patients. The most frequent causes of lethal outcome are infections and hematomas in tumor bed. The leading neurological deficit after tumor extirpation is total or partial lesion of facial nerve.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is crucial to optimal obstetric and neonatal care. In utero identification of heart anomalies allows a variety of treatment options to be considered, including delivery at an appropriate facility, termination of pregnancy, and in some cases in utero therapy. Specific indications and risks have been classified and patients considered at high risk have been offered detailed fetal echocardiography, commonly at a center with appropriate expertise and facilities. However, most children are born to mothers who have no known risk features during pregnancy. Screening in the low-risk population has been reported to have lower accuracy rates then in high-risk population. The most common indication for performing a fetal echocardiogram is a prior family history of congenital heart disease. A number of drugs have been implicated as causes of various malformations, including heart anomalies. Therefore, their use during pregnancy is considered as indication for echocardiography. Several maternal conditions also carry an inherited risk to the fetus and their presence is also indication for this diagnostic procedure. The incidence of congenital heart disease is increased fivefold among infants of diabetic mothers, whereas phenylketonuria has reported risk of 12 to 16%. Chromosomal anomalies, extracardiac malformations and monozigotic twins are also indications for fetal echocardiography.

The case of concomitant occurrence of schwannoma of the ethmoid sinus and meningothelial hyperplasia in female patient without neurofibromatosis-2 is presented. The components of Schwannoma tissue and meningothelial hyperplasia cells islets were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Transitional zones of these two different tissues macroscopically as well as microscopically were not observed. Histological and immunohistochemical findings and possible pathogenesis of this uncommon tumor combination is discussed.

The aim of the present study is to analyse fate and survival in patients with pure testicular teratoma (PTT) according to clinical stage (CS) and applied therapy. Among a survey of 1275 patients with nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (NSGCT) observed from January 1982 and June 2005, we indentified 49 (4%) patients with PTT. In CS I, 3 (15%) of 20 patients on surveillance relapsed. Complete response (CR) is achieved with chemotherapy in 1 patient and combined with postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC RPLA) in 2 patients (fibrosis 1, teratoma 1). Four patients managed with primary RPLA had universal survival. Among 4 patients treated initially with primary chemotherapy due to persistently elevated serum tumor markers (STMs) postorchiectomy, 1 patient died at 18 months. In CS I, 27 (96%) of 28 patients are alive and free of disease (AFD) at median follow-up (MFU) of 161.6 months. In the PC group, 1 patient with partial response (PR) is lost to follow-up at 6 months, 1 patient died of disease at 27 months. Eight patients achieved CR with induction chemotherapy, whereas only 1 patient relapsed at 24 months and is rendered free of disease with RPLA (teratoma). Twelve patients underwent PC RPLA due to PR following induction chemotherapy, combined with thoracic cytoreductive surgery in 2 patients. RP histology demonstrated the finding of fibrosis in 2, teratoma in 8, teratoma with malignant transformation in 1, and vital carcinoma in 1. The patients with fibrosis, teratoma and teratoma with malignant transformation are AFD, whereas the patient with vital carcinoma on desperation RPLA died. According to initial CS IIB, IIC and III PC surgery was indicated in 20%, 91% and 50%, relapse rate was 0%, 18% and 20%, with disease specific survival (DSS) in 100%, 90% and 100%, respectively. At MFU of 189.7 months, 19 (95%) of 20 fully available patients are AFD. Overall, 46 (94%) patients had no evidence of disease (NED) at last follow-up. These data underscore the metastatic potential of PTT. A significant proportion (32%) of patients with low-stage PTT had RP disease. Furthermore, a high proportion (36%) presented initially with advanced disease and demonstrated a considerable risk of relapse despite complete resection or favorable histologic features in the resected surgical specimen.

Funkcionalna definicija matične ćelije podrazumeva da je to najmladja ćelija ljudskog organizma koja poseduje izvanredan kapacitet samoobnavljanja i sposobnost diferenciranja u specijalizovane tipove ćelija. Osnovna podela je na embrionalne matične ćelije i adultne matične ćelije. Embrionalne matične ćelije predstavljaju najmladje ćelije ljudskog organizma. One su pluripotentne i imaju sposobnost da se pretvore u otprilike 220 vrsta ektoderma, mezoderma i endoderma. Adultne matične ćelije su nediferentovane ćelije koje se pojavljuju u odraslom tkivu.. I one imaju sposobnost da se samoobnavljaju i proizvode diferentovane potomke, ali su one multipotentne i kapacitet diferentovanja im je ograničen. Njihova osnovna funkcija je obnavljanje oštećenog tkiva. Obzirom da kardiovaskularna oboljenja predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih uzroka morbiditeta i mortaliteta čitavog čovečanstva, interesovanje za korišćenje matičnih ćelija kod kardioloških oboljenja je u žiži interesovanja naučnika.

Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju neke karakteristike seksualnog ponašanja studenata (seksualna iskustva, upražnjavanje seksualnih odnosa, broj partnera, upotreba kondoma) i da se utvrde razlike u znanju, seksualnom ponašanju i percepciji rizika za oboljevanje od polnih bolesti. Studija preseka sprovedena je u populaciji studenata Visoke zdravstvene škole strukovnih studija u Beogradu. Ispitivani uzorak činilo je 246 studenata. Korišćen je anketni upitnik preuzet iz projekta „Zdravstveno stanje, zdravstvene potrebe i korišćenje zdravstvene zaštite stanovništva Srbije” iz 2000. godine koji je dizajniran od strane SZO. Upitnik je anonimno popunjavan. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćene su metode deskriptivne i eksplorativne analize, metode ukrštenih tabela uz primenu Pirsonovog χ2 testa. Analiza je urađena u softverskom paketu SPSS 13.0. Rezultati su prikazani tabelarno. Rezultati našeg istraživanja ukazuju da studenti odlično poznaju prenos HIV infekcije seksualnim putem, dok u nešto manjem procentu poznaju verikalnu transmisiju HIV infekcije. Dosledna upotreba kondoma nađena je kod polovine muških ispitanika i 2/5 ženskih ispitanika, dok po 1/5 ispitanika oba pola nikad ne koristi kondom. Nedosledna upotreba kondoma je glavni obrazac ponašanja u studentskoj populaciji. Ako pod bezbednim seksualnim odnosom podrazumevamo seksualni odnos uz upotrebu kondoma pri svakom seksualnom odnosu, sa jednom partnerom i ne upuštanje u seksualne odnose sa nepoznatim osobama, doći ćemo do zaključka da takav odnos upražnjava samo 1/3 naših studenata, a da se 2/3 rizično ponaša jer navode da nikad (17,8%), odnosno ponekad (43,5%) koriste kondom.