The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of scoliosis operations in the period from September 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019. year at the Institute of Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, the distribution of patients by sex and age, the most common complications and physiological responses of patients in the postoperative course, as well as the importance of the participation of nurses in this process. Scoliosis is a deformity of the spine in the frontal plane. The role of the nurse in the preoperative and postoperative course is very demanding and defined by clear protocols. In our study, we found that the majority of patients were female 57 (71%), and that the largest number of respondents 55 (72%) were aged 11 to 13 years. The largest number of patients 57 (71%) did not have comorbidity. When analyzing the physiological response of patients, we determined on the basis of the Numerical Scale that the largest number of patients 75 (96%) had a need for opioid analgesics in the first 4 hours after surgery. In relation to the length of stay of patients in JIN, the largest number of patients 69 (86%) remained in JIN 24 hours after surgery. Based on our study, we believe that continuous medical education of nurses is necessary in acquiring the necessary skills for the care of patients who have undergone scoliosis surgery. The emphasis should be on communication skills with this, especially vulnerable, population.

The aim of the study was to gain insight and determine the incidence of arterial hypertension in the study population over a 10-year period with special reference to the role of the nurse in the treatment of hypertensive patients in primary health care. Hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. The method of descriptive study was applied using data from the medical documentation of the Health Center “Vračar” in Belgrade for the period from 2010- 2019. The study included all patients who were treated for arterial hypertension during this period. A comparison of total mortality and patients with arterial hypertension was performed. The total number of reviewed histories for patients treated for arterial hypertension in the Health Center “Vracar” in Belgrade for the period 2010- 2019 was 72343. Compared to the total number of patients treated for hypertension in this period, the number of patients was significantly higher in 2010 ( 18.84%) and 2011 (14.88%), and the least treated was 2013 (7.23%). Comparing the percentage of patients with and treated for arterial hypertension in relation to the total number of treated patients, we found that during 10 years, on average, out of the total number of treated patients (712,360 patients), 10.16% and 72,343 patients were treated for arterial hypertension. Today, it is considered that the prevention of the disease is the most important, so the main goals of nursing are health promotion and prevention of the disease, especially in people with increased risk factors for the occurrence of hypertensive disease.

The aim of our research was to determine the demographic profile of health workers (gender, age, length of service and level of education), and then to assess the essential education for elementary activities of nurses in the treatment and care of patients with pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a term that encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Based on the results of current studies, the level of knowledge about thromboprophylaxis among nurses varies and depends on education, years of work experience, continuing education and job. The study was conducted in KBC Zvezdara in the period from September 25, 2021. to 01.10.2021. years. A descriptive study was conducted where a specially designed Survey was used as a research instrument. The questionnaire was filled out by 20 nurses. The group of respondents was mostly female (16), aged between 20-30, most respondents had completed high school and most respondents had been employed for more than 5 years. 75% of respondents said that thromboembolism is very common, 95% of respondents said that the use of oxygen is a mandatory therapeutic procedure, 85% of respondents said that hemodynamically unstable patients need to start thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase immediately, and 90% of respondents answered that maintaining airway patency and monitoring the pulse is very important in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. The largest number of respondents (90%) answered that they measure vital parameters in patients with thromboembolism every hour. All respondents (100%) answered that monitoring the intake and excretion of food and fluids is necessary, and a total of 85% of respondents stated that physical activity and regular movement while avoiding prolonged sitting or lying down is one of the methods to prevent thromboembolism. Managing VTE, which offers nurses the opportunity to provide intensive care, is an essential professional competence of licensed nurses. It is necessary to improve the continuous education of nurses and encourage nurses to be educated at higher levels of academic education

We present a case of cerebral vasculitis and suspicious retinal vasculitis of a thirty-five- year old, HIV-negative woman. Toxocara canis is a ubiquitous parasite found worldwide. She can only complete lifecycle in dogs, and humans are accidental hosts. Among the neurological and neuropsychological disturbances produced by Toxocara infection, in humans, the most representative are meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and cerebral vasculitis. Predominant symptoms were trembling and tingling in the left side of the body, tremor of the hands and weakness of the extremities, more to the left, fever and visual disturbance. MR imaging of the brain showed obliterative endarteritis to the left. Visual acuity was impaired, the optic nerve was swollen and macula was thickened. Antibodies to Toxocara canis were detected by ELISA test. Antiparasitic therapy with corticosteroids has led to the reduction of symptoms and clinical findings.

Mitral valve prolapse is the most common cause of primary mitral regurgitation. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse is a special entity that is characterised by ventricular arrhythmia and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. We present a 48-year old patient that was referred to our Department of Cardiology for elective invasive coronary angiography because of significant number of premature ventricular contractions observed on 24h-ECG ambulatory monitoring. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI revealed signs of arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse.

The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of drugs and their impact on quality of life. Quality of life is a wide multidimensional concept that usually includes, in addition to objective parameters, a subjective assessment of both positive and negative aspects of life. Quality of life is not easy to fully define and therefore there are no clearly defined universally accepted parameters for its assessment. Drugs have a task to prolong the life expectancy of sick people, reduce working ability limitation and total medical costs. The most important standards which drugs must meet are: quality, efficiency and safety. Quantification of objective and subjective parameters of quality of life before and after drug therapy is important for assessing its effect. For this purpose, in addition to generic, “disease-specific questionnaires” are used. Although some of these questionnaires have been used for decades, they primarily give priority to determining objective indicators that are much easier to quantify than subjective ones. Individual understanding of quality of life depends of: social factors (as family and environment in which the patient lives), historical, geographical and cultural factors, age, religion, emotional and intellectual personality traits, physical constitution, health status and profession. Examining the impact of drugs on quality of life and creating precise evaluation criteria are imperatives and challenge for modern pharmacotherapy, as they will facilitate making the right decision about the choice and therapy protocol. The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in these studies because modern drugs have the task of improving both health and quality of life.

U poslednje dve godine pandemija izazvana COVID-19 infekcijom predstavlja najveći izazov sa kojim se suočavaju zdravstveni sistemi širom sveta. Ova bolest donela je ozbiljne promene u načinu rada zdravstvenih ustanova, a promenjeni su i prioriteti različitih medicinskih i hirurških intervencija, između ostalih i u domenu urologije.

U ovom radu prikazujemo uticaj COVID-19 pandemije na rad Službe za urologiju Kliničko bolničkog centra Zemun. Pored analize rada urologa u COVID-19 sistemu dat je i kratak pregled uticaja COVID-19 pandemije na različite, najčešće urološke bolesti, pre svega u odnosu na stepen hitnosti lečenja uroloških bolesti. Potom je dat osvrt uticaja COVID-19 infekcije na bubrežni sistem. Deo rada posvećen je uticaju pandemije na rad mladih lekara, odnosno pre svega specijalista urologije.

Kompjuterizovana kolonografija (KT), poznata i kao virtuelna kolonoskopija je neinvazivna radiološka dijagnostička metoda koja omogućava evaluaciju celog kolona sa ciljem otkrivanja kolorektalnih tumora i klinički značajnih adenomatoznih polipa. U suštini, KT kolonografija predstavlja modifikovani KT pregled kod pacijenta nakon neophodne pripreme creva gde se zatim dobijene slike tumače korišćenjem naprednih tehnika 2D i 3D prikaza1 . Karcinom debelog creva je jedna od najčešćih malignih bolesti kod oba pola i to je drugi je po redu vodeći uzrok smrti zbog malignih bolesti u razvijenim zemljama1 . Skrining i rano otkrivanje raka creva je značajna karika u prevenciji. Konvencionalna kolonoskopija je zlatni standard u dijagnostici i skrning kolorektalnog karcinoma3 .

Kako se kolonoskopija radi pod kontrolom oka, mogu se jasno videti sve, pa i najdiskretnije promene na debelom crevu: zapaljenski procesi, krvarenja, divertikulumi, polipi, benigni i maligni tumori. Virtuelna kolonografija, poznata kao virtuelna kolonoskopija je manje invazivna procedura i radi se pomoću KT skenera, koji propušta rentgenske zrake kroz pacijentov abdomen. Virtuelna kolonoskopija, može da otkrije više neočekivanih tumora od obične kolonoskopije, uključujući i one koji se nalaze van debelog creva. Ova tehnika je mnogo manje invazivna nego standardna kolonoskopija, za koju je obično potrebna anestezija dok lekar vrši pregled debelog creva kolonoskopom tj. savitljivim endoskopskim aparatom4,5.

Osim pogleda na unutrašnjost debelog creva, virtuelna kolonoskopija pregleda celi abdomen i karlicu, te je ovim putem moguće otkriti i tumore izvan debelog creva. Ipak, u praksi se češće koristi standardna, optička kolonoskopija koja je izuzetno pouzdana dijagnostička metoda. Kompjuterizovana tomografska kolonografija ili “virtuelna kolonoskopija” je metod u kojem se koristi tomografska 2D ili 3D slika kolona u cilju ispitivanja strukturnih promena zida creva, intraluminalnih promena ili promena koje sa spoljašnje strane pritiskaju zid creva. Prednost ove metode je što ne zahteva sedaciju, ne nosi rizik od perforacije i zahteva nekoliko minuta za pregled4 . Virtuelna kolonoskopija uz pomoć kompjuterizovane tomografije (KT) ili magnetne rezonance (MR) omogućava dvodimenzionalnu ili trodimenzionalnu sliku debelog creva od najnižeg dela rektuma, pa sve do donjeg kraja tankog creva te ih prikazuje na ekranu. 2D i 3D slike u KT kolonografiji treba da se dopunjuju. 3D interpretacija je korisna za otkrivanje polipa, posebno onih na preklopima zida creva. Sa druge strane, 2D interpretacija pomaže da se potvrdi da li je lezija identifikovana na 3D slici pravi polip ili samo lipoma, adhezivni izmet ili istaknuti nabor. Virtuelna kolonoskopija je manje invazivna od uobičajene optičke kolonoskopije6 .