Dobrovoljno davalaštvo (DDK) je jedini način za obezbeđivanje kontinuirane zalihe ovog jedinstvenog leka. Stoga je neophodno motivisati i informisati stanovištvo o pozitivnim efektima donatorstva krvi, a u cilju da se regrutuju novi i zadržavanja postojećih DDK. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje načina informisanosti, motiva i prepreka za dobrovoljno davanje krvi, kao i razloga za ponovno davalaštvo. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 65 DDK koji su popunjavali upitnik u Službi za transfuziju krvi KBC Zemun- Beograd. Pitanja su se odnosila na strukturne podatke (pol, starosna dob, obrazovanje), znanje i informisanost o davalaštvu, kao i na motaviciju i prepreke u vezi budućeg dobrovoljnog davanja krvi. Statistička obrada je obuhvatila standardne metode deskriptivne statistike kao i grafičke prikaze. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je većina ispitanika za dobrovoljno davanje krvi saznalo od porodice i prijatelja (40.6%). Namensko davanje krvi je u većini slučajeva (33.8%) bio prvi kontakt sa davalaštvom. Čak 66.5% DDK se tokom procedure davanja krvi oseća odlično, međutim 7.7% kao prepreku u davanju krvi bira ubod igle. Njih 73.9% se odlučilo da će nastaviti redovno da daruje krv, a kao glavni razlog su uglavnom navodili altruizam (33.8%). Među onima koji bi krv darovali možda povremeno (26.1%), glavni motiv je bio slučaj da krv zatreba nekome iz bliskog okruženja (12.3%). Na osnovnu ispitivanja, može se reći da je u našoj lokalnoj zajednici dobrovoljno davalaštvo krvi zasnovano na altruizmu. Ipak, u cilju okupljanja većeg broja potencijalnih DDK i zarad zadržavanja postojećih, neophodna je stalna motivacija i promocija davalaštva kao jedinstvne karike zdravstvenog sistema u koje je uključeno celokupno stanovništvo.

Meningiomi su sporo rastući intrakranijalni ekstracerebralni ekspanzivni procesi koji nastaju od arahnoidalnih ćelija. Često su neurološki mirni, psihijatrijski se manifestuju dok ne postignu velike razmere. Depresija može postojati kao komorbiditet ili komplikacija kod pacijenata sa meningiomima. Mnoge karakteristike meningioma-veličina tumora, lokalizacija, histopatologija su istraživani u vezi sa njihovim mogućim uticajima na depresiju. Dalja istraživanja povezana sa deficitom znanja u ovim oblastima bi trebalo da donesu benefit pacijentima sa ovom vrstom intrakranijalnih tumora. Cilj ovog rada je da poboljša znanja u ovoj oblasti kod pacijenata sa ovim dijagnozama.

Persistent infection of Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the strongest epidemiological factor associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. These days, infection with Human papillomavirus is the most common type of sexually transmitted disease. In most cases, infection is asymptomatic and it remains undiagnosed. Women infected with high-risk types of the virus are at greater risk of developing severe dysplastic changes or cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HPV type 16/18, cytology, colposcopy, biopsy and risk factors of developing intraepithelial lesions of low L-SIL and a high level of H-SIL. The study included 864 patients who had undergone detection of HPV type 16/18 DNA using in situ hybridization. All study participants were divided into three categories according to the presence of H-SIL, L-SIL and benign histologic findings. In the case study group that had L-SIL and H-SIL there was a significant higher percentage of HPV infection than in the group of patients with benign histologic findings. The percentage of H-SIL is highest in patients who had HR-HPV infection with types 16/18, sexual intercourse before 16 the age and two to five sexual partners. This study indicates that among the H-SIL intraepithelial neoplasia, there is a high presence of HR-HPV 16/18 related to the number of sexual partners and early sexual intercourse at a younger age as a statistically significant presence of these genotypes with L-SIL intraepithelial neoplasia.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, such as fetal overgrowth. Although most studies addressing the effects of maternal BMI on adverse outcomes include women with GDM, a little is known about associations between maternal BMI and fetal metabolic status evaluated by ultrasonography means. One of the ultrasound parameter of glycemic controlis the measurement of fetal liver length. Prospective study of 385 women with monofetal pregnancies and established risk for GDM underwent mid-trimester ultrasound exam, during which fetal liver length were measured. After exam, body mass index (BMI) was determined for each patient. Each participant underwent 100 g fasting oral glucose challenge test (oGTT) in order to confirm or to exclude diagnosis of GDM. There was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between the BMI and fetal liver length for the entire sample (N=385; p<0.001; R=+0.55) as well in the sample of GDM patients (N=96; p<0.001; R=+0.58) and controls (N=289; p<0.001; R=+0.33). Maternal BMI has impact on fetal liver length assessed by ultrasound exam. This influence is even higher in GDM.

Study objective was to test the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue (ASCT) measured by ultrasound. The total number of pregnant women enrolled in the prospective study was 280. For all participants BMI was determined. Study participants underwent ultrasound exam at 32nd week of gestation and ASCT was measured. Positive correlation has been found between ASCT and maternal BMI (p<0.01, r=0.1612). The study showed that intrauterine growth and development is partially regulated by the maternal BMI.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and maternal obesity are in parallel related with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Examination of the combined association of these common metabolic problems with pregnancy outcomes is an important question. Objective of our study was to determine associations of diabetes mellitus and obesity with adverse delivery outcomes. The primary outcome measures were duration of labor, mode of delivery, Apgar scores in 1st and 5th minute, obstetric interventions and maternal injuries at births. Women with DM were more likely to have Cesarean Section (p < 0.01) and less likely to have had an episiotomy and perineal repair than women without DM (all p < 0.05). Connections between DM and obesity with other adverse outcomes of labor have not been found.

Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) is used for the detection of antibodies or complement components on the red cell membrane. The result of a positive DAT in voluntary blood donors is extremely rare. The aim of our case studies was to demonstrate that the positive DAT in voluntary blood donors can be the cause of disturbances during the performance of compatibility test (crossmatch), in patients with multiple erythrocyte alloantibodies. For performing DAT we used polyspecific and monospecific AHG reagents anti-IgG, anti-C3d (Seraclone®) for the method in a test tube, and the ID Liss/Coombs card anti-IgG + C3d (Diamed®) for the gel method. During the performance of the compatibility testing, for the haematological patient who has the anti-K and antiE irregular antibodies in the serum, with phenotype blood unit, the positive result was obtained at room temperature and in the indirect antiglobulin test. In further examination, the donor red cells were tested in the direct antiglobulin test. In a test tube with poliyspecific AHG reagent test result was positive, and in the LISS/Coombs gel method test result was negative. Because of discrepancies in testing, DAT was performed with monospecific AHG reagents. Only with anti-C3d monospecific AHG reagent in tube there was a positive result with donor erythrocyte. Voluntary blood donor was a man, 61 years old, who was suffering from hypertension, treated by ACE inhibitor medication. The results of blood counts and biochemistry did not indicate existence of haemolytic process. Aetiology and consequences of positive DAT in the healthy population are not yet sufficiently investigated. This requires extensive and detailed research. Accordingly, the disturbances in the selection of blood units for the recipient should be kept in mind the existence of this phenomenon.

The aim of this study is to examine how the introduction of medical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might have changed the indications, patient characteristics and outcome in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) over two decades (1991.- 2011.). All patients who underwent TURP for symptomatic BPH at our institutions in 1991. (before the introduction of medical therapy for BPH), 2001. (when medical therapy was becoming an important therapy for BPH) and 2011. (when medical therapy was the first line therapy for BPH), were reviewed. We assessed the total number of TURPs, indications for surgery, patient age, health status, weight of resected tissue, and pre and post-operative events/ complications. Our institutions provided primary urological care for 989, 1815 and 2162 men > 50 years of age in 1991., 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a 60% decrease of TURPs from 1991. to 2011. with a slight increase in number in 2001. Failure of medical therapy was not an indication in 37% and 88% of patients in 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a substantial rise in the percentage of men at risk presenting with acute or chronic retention (AUR and CUR) at the time of their TURPs ( from 23% in 1991. to 55% in 2001. and from 14% in 1991. to 38% in 2011. for AUR and CUR, respectively) (P<0.05). There was also rise in the percentage of patients presenting with preoperative hydronephrosis (2% in 1991., 13% in 2001. and 6% in 2011.) (P<0.05) and gradual decrease of UTI before TURP overtime (14%, 10% and 12%, respectively).The mean operative time was lower in 2011., compared with either of the two previous cohorts (P<0.05), postoperative stays decreased (from 4.1 days in 1991. to 2.7 days in 2001. and 2.1 days in 2011.)(P<0.05), but the number of patients discharged with catheter increase over two decades (from 3.5% in 1991 to 4.8% in 2001., and to 8.8% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The postoperative complications of our three cohorts differed significantly (14% in 1991., 6.4% in 2001. and 20.6% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The increasing use of medical therapy as a first line treatment for BPH has resulted in a dramatic decrease in TURPs which, in turn, has been associated with an apparent increase in risk of poor pre- and postoperative outcomes seems to be related to earlier catheter removal and hospital discharge, although a causal relationship cannot be established. The present study covering the last two decades would suggest that we are not delaying surgery for patients who will eventually require it. We are now selecting the appropriate patients for TURP, rather than using TURP as our only means of BPH therapy as we did two decades ago.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours, overwhelmingly affecting women of childbearing age. These tumours are rare, and they appear when trophoblastic cells start to grow out of control. In these conditions production of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is evident. Hydatidiform moles, partial or complete, are in most cases benign featured by villous hydrps, scalloping effect, hyperplastic trophoblastic pseudoinclusions and syncytiotrophoblastic sprouts. Invasive mole is an aggressive trophoblastic lesion with myometrial and/or vascular invasion. Choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epitheloid trophoblastic tumor are clearly malignant tumors with proliferation of intermediate trophoblast, with metastatic potential. Tumor-like trophoblastic conditions are placental site nodul and exaggerated placental site wich are proliferative lesions and reactive processes and are not considered as true tumor lesions.In all of these conditions vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom followed by elevation of serum beta hCG. GTD has to be confirmed histologically with extensive sampling of the material. Follow up is necessary in all women with GTD and it is rutinley done by measurment of serum levels of hCG. Since GTDs are proliferative conditions of diferent trophoblastic tisues, pathologists should be well histologicly educated about normal pregnancy stages and its abnormalities in order of adeqate diagnosing these rare conditions.