The aim of this study is to examine how the introduction of medical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might have changed the indications, patient characteristics and outcome in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) over two decades (1991.- 2011.). All patients who underwent TURP for symptomatic BPH at our institutions in 1991. (before the introduction of medical therapy for BPH), 2001. (when medical therapy was becoming an important therapy for BPH) and 2011. (when medical therapy was the first line therapy for BPH), were reviewed. We assessed the total number of TURPs, indications for surgery, patient age, health status, weight of resected tissue, and pre and post-operative events/ complications. Our institutions provided primary urological care for 989, 1815 and 2162 men > 50 years of age in 1991., 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a 60% decrease of TURPs from 1991. to 2011. with a slight increase in number in 2001. Failure of medical therapy was not an indication in 37% and 88% of patients in 2001. and 2011., respectively. There was a substantial rise in the percentage of men at risk presenting with acute or chronic retention (AUR and CUR) at the time of their TURPs ( from 23% in 1991. to 55% in 2001. and from 14% in 1991. to 38% in 2011. for AUR and CUR, respectively) (P<0.05). There was also rise in the percentage of patients presenting with preoperative hydronephrosis (2% in 1991., 13% in 2001. and 6% in 2011.) (P<0.05) and gradual decrease of UTI before TURP overtime (14%, 10% and 12%, respectively).The mean operative time was lower in 2011., compared with either of the two previous cohorts (P<0.05), postoperative stays decreased (from 4.1 days in 1991. to 2.7 days in 2001. and 2.1 days in 2011.)(P<0.05), but the number of patients discharged with catheter increase over two decades (from 3.5% in 1991 to 4.8% in 2001., and to 8.8% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The postoperative complications of our three cohorts differed significantly (14% in 1991., 6.4% in 2001. and 20.6% in 2011.)(P<0.05). The increasing use of medical therapy as a first line treatment for BPH has resulted in a dramatic decrease in TURPs which, in turn, has been associated with an apparent increase in risk of poor pre- and postoperative outcomes seems to be related to earlier catheter removal and hospital discharge, although a causal relationship cannot be established. The present study covering the last two decades would suggest that we are not delaying surgery for patients who will eventually require it. We are now selecting the appropriate patients for TURP, rather than using TURP as our only means of BPH therapy as we did two decades ago.

U radu je obrađen jedanaestogodišnji period obolelih i umrlih pacijenata od akutnog infarkta miokarda (AIM) u populaciji Kosovske Mitrovice od 2001-2011 godine. Retrospektivno su obrađeni podaci o pacijentima koji su hospitalizovani na internom odeljenju Zdravstvenog centra u Kosovskoj Mitrovici tačnije u koronarnoj jedinici za period od 2001-2011 godine.Obrađeni su pacijenti uzrasnih grupa od 20- 70 godine.Za napred navedeni period hospitalizovano je ukupno 1380 pacijenta koji su lečeni od akutnog infarkta miokarda. Od ukupnog broja obolelih 894 ili 64,7% su muškarci a 486 ili 35,3% su žene. Stopa obolelih od akutnog infarkta miokarda je 1,9:1 u korist muškaraca. Registrovano je 142 fatalna ishoda 10,3% dok je 1238 bilo nefatalnih infarkta ili 89,7%.

Nakon oružanih sukoba koji su se devedesetih godina XX veka odvijali na teritoriji bivše SFR Jugoslavije, poseban izazov predstavlja identifikacija žrtava rata. U radu je dat detaljan opis procesa identifikacije ekshumiranih posmrtnih ostataka. Jedan od ciljeva rada predstavlja i poređenje rezultata analize DNK i klasičnih forenzičkih metoda identifikacije. Ovaj rad se odnosi na identifikaciju posmrtnih ostataka koji su ekshumirani na Kosovu i Metohiji u periodu od 2001-2011. godine, a koji pripadaju Srbima i drugim nealbanskim nacionalnim zajednicama (Crnogorci, Bošnjaci, Romi, Goranci i dr.) i u znatno manjem broju Albancima, koji su takođe stradali u ratnom i posleratnom periodu. Ekshumacija i identifikacija posmrtnih ostataka otpočela je još tokom oružanog sukoba, nastavljena je velikim intenzitetom neposredno po uspostavljanju UN administracije u pokrajini, a od kraja 2001. godine među identifikovanim žrtvama dominiraju osobe nealbanskog porekla – Srbi, Crnogorci, Romi i dr. Iskustva ovog procesa kao i iskustva drugih država pokazuju da postoji potreba za organizovanjem odgovarajuće službe za identifikaciju posmrtnih ostataka nepoznatog identiteta u Srbiji, da bi se na efikasan način moglo reagovati u slučaju velikih nesreća.

Koža vulve se razlikuje od koze drugih regija po različitoj bakterijskoj flori I uslovima trenja. Dermatološke bolesti vulvarne kože i mukoze se dele u dve grupe. Prvu grupu čine dermatoze slične ekstravulvarnim dermatozama, a drugu čine dermatoze koje zahvataju predominantno vulvarnu regiju. Spečificne dermatoze vulve su kontaktni dermatitis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus. Infektivne bolesti vulve se mogu preneti direktnim kontaktom. Prepoznavanje tipičnih mikroskopskih karakteristika pomaze u dijagnostici scabiesa, herpes virusne infekcije i molluscum contagiosuma. Humani papilloma virusi (HPV) su epiteliotropni virusi i mogu uzrokovati premalgnu i malignu transformatciju epitelnih ćelija. Sledeći kriterijumi kao što su virusne promene, klinički parametri i mikroskopski nalaz upućuju na postojanje dva puta u karcinogenezi skvamoznog karcinoma vulve i to HPV-zavisni put udružen sa Vulvarnom intraepitelialnom neoplazijom/VIN/ klasičnog tipa i ne -HPV sa VIN diferentovanog (simlex) tipa često udruženim sa lichen sclerosusom i/ili vulvarnom hiperplazijom.Invazivni planocelularni karcinom je najčešći karcinom vulve. Procena prognostičkih faktora je neophodna komponenta patohistoloskog izveštaja. Visoki gradus tumora, vaskularna invazija, veće dimenzije tumora i dubina invazije zaslužuju imunohistohemijsku analizu limfnih čvorova radi nalazenja metastaskih ćelija karcinoma. Extramamarna Pagetova bolest je retka. Može biti primarnog kožnog porekla ili udružena sa nekožnim tumorima gastrointestinalnog ili porekla mokraćne bešike. Imunohistohemijskla analiza je važna za odredjivanje primarnog porekla tumora.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours, overwhelmingly affecting women of childbearing age. These tumours are rare, and they appear when trophoblastic cells start to grow out of control. In these conditions production of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is evident. Hydatidiform moles, partial or complete, are in most cases benign featured by villous hydrps, scalloping effect, hyperplastic trophoblastic pseudoinclusions and syncytiotrophoblastic sprouts. Invasive mole is an aggressive trophoblastic lesion with myometrial and/or vascular invasion. Choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epitheloid trophoblastic tumor are clearly malignant tumors with proliferation of intermediate trophoblast, with metastatic potential. Tumor-like trophoblastic conditions are placental site nodul and exaggerated placental site wich are proliferative lesions and reactive processes and are not considered as true tumor lesions.In all of these conditions vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom followed by elevation of serum beta hCG. GTD has to be confirmed histologically with extensive sampling of the material. Follow up is necessary in all women with GTD and it is rutinley done by measurment of serum levels of hCG. Since GTDs are proliferative conditions of diferent trophoblastic tisues, pathologists should be well histologicly educated about normal pregnancy stages and its abnormalities in order of adeqate diagnosing these rare conditions.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma worldwide, and represents a clinically, pathologically and biologicaly very heterogeneous group of tumours. Recent studies have subdivided diffuse large B cell lymphomas into morphological variants, molecular and immunophenotypical subgroups and distinct entities. An immunophenotypical subdivision of DLBCL, into germinal centre-like (GCB) and non-germinal centre-like (non-GCB) subgroups, using a combination of antibodies to CD10, BCL6 and MUM1, does not correlate exactly with gene expresion profile of GCB and activated peripheral B-cells (ABC). Some studies reported that combination of CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 expression could subdivide DLBCL patients into long- and short-time survivors.The WHO classification of 2008. recognizes a group of aggressive B-cell lymphomas that are not readily classified as either Burkitt lymphoma (BL) or DLBCL, and provisional category of B-cell neoplasms with features intermidiate between DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, the new classification recognizes the patient age, site-specific categories, and clinical factors in defining variants of DLBCL.The WHO classification of 2008. is the result of successful international collaboration among pathologists, biologists and clinicians, but heterogeneous group of DLBCL will be the subject of further investigation.

The present study was performed to establish the socioepidemiological caracteristics (mean age, male to female ratio), the prevalence of various histological types of meningiomas in the groups of primary and recidivant tumors as well as Cathepsin D immunoexpression. We analysed 50 patients with primary and recidivant intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas who underwent surgery in KBC Zemun during the year 2004, with a two years follow-up. All surgical specimen were evaluated for histologic type of tumor and representative slides were immunostained with the anti-Cathepsin D antibody. In both primary and recidivant meningioma groups the number of mitosis, as factor tumor agressivness, was counted on 10 and 20 HPF and those results were statistically analyzed. A considerable difference was found when the number of mitosis and the histologic tumor grade have been compared with the Cathepsin D immunoexpression. The result lead to conlusion that the immunopositivity of Cathepsin D decreases with higher mitosis count and higher tumor grade.

The most common tumor in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. The purpose of this study is to present proportional representation according to gender and age, incidence of histological type, as well as relation between tumor magnitude, clinical symptoms and prognosis. A group of 38 patients with PCA expansion were examined and treated in time interval from 2006 until 2010 at clinical-hospital center “KBC Zemun – Belgrade”. Gender proportion was 22 female (57,1%) and 16 male (42,9%). Middle-aged patients (from 30 to 60 years) were predominant in age proportion 20(52,6%). The most frequent tumor in the study was vestibular schwannoma (63,1%) followed by meningioma (31,6%). The rest were various histological type tumors like cholestatoma, plexus papilloma, glioma etc. (5,3%). Tumor magnitude proportion showed that the most of the scwanoma (over 95%) were grades III and IV (according to Koss classification). The leading admission symptoms were: deferent degrees of hearing loss, cerebellar disorders and trigeminal lesions. The analysis of postoperative results for 38 patients have shown: mortality rate of 13,2%, complete lesion of facial nerve(39,4%), partial lesion(33,3%) and (27,3%) without lesion of facial nerve. Lesions of lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X and XI) had 3 patients (9%) and pyramid deficit had 6(17,3%) patients. This study showed that typical PCA vestibular schwannoma is predominantly in female and elder population presented. Recommended treatment is surgical (total or subtotal extirpation), followed by adjuvant therapy for elder patients. The most frequent causes of lethal outcome are infections and hematomas in tumor bed. The leading neurological deficit after tumor extirpation is total or partial lesion of facial nerve.