The latest version of uterine tumors classification was done in 2003. According to WHO classification, endometrial cancers are divided into two groups, so called Type I and Type II. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma has a higher frequency and belongs to Type I. Serous and clear-cell adenocarcinoma, are forming Type II and by definition, they are high grade cancers with poor prognosis and no clearly defined precursors and predisposing risk factors. In Type I, there is a PTEN mutation and in Type II overexpression of p53. These two biomarkers are used in their differential diagnosis.WHO has defined a three-step system in determining the grade of endometrioid adenocarcinoma in which squamous component has no significance. There are other, two-step, grading systems which are not generally accepted.2009 FIGO classification is still in use for tumor staging and according to that tumors confined to the uterus body are divided into stages IA and IB. In the group of mesenchyme tumors, undifferentiated sarcoma was separated, due to different morphology and immunohistochemical profile compared to leiomyoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. New terms, like UTROSCT, are accepted as well as new theory about the origin of carcinosarcoma. Common believe is that these tumors have epithelial origin and therefore sarcoma component showed positivity on epithelial and mesenchymal markers too. Large number of new antibodies was discovered which in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of uterine tumors are only meaningful when used in correlation with the clinical picture and morphological data (endometrial carcinoma vs. ovarian carcinoma, adenosarcoma vs. adenofibroma).

Among 781 cases of adverse drug reactions reported in 2010 to the Medicines and medical devices agency of Serbia involving 546 suspected drugs, the greatest reporting frequency was found for contrast media used in radiological diagnosis and visualization. Most of the commercial contrast media may be classified to inorganic (barium sulfate) and organic (iodine contrast media – ionizing and non-ionizing, low-osmolar, high-osmolar and isoosmolar). Iso-osmolar and low-osmolar contrast media are the most frequently used at domestic market, mainly because of the most favorable safety profile and tolerability. As their alternative in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to the iodine contrast media, gadoliniumcontaining contrast agents can be administered. Overall the incidence of adverse effects is 5-15%, while the incidence of serious adverse reactions is 0.04 to 0.14%. By mechanism and predictability, adverse reactions are classified to idiosyncratic and non-idiosyncratic. In clinical practice, the most common adverse reactions are mild - extravasation, headache, limb oedema, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, bradycardia, etc. However, serious side effects are the most significant; though rare, these can be dangerous, such as nephropathy, anaphylactic shock, thrombosis, arrhythmias, angina attacks and myocardial infarction, serious thrombocytopenia, neurological episodes with subsequent permanent sequelae and/or fatal outcome. Special attention is devoted to the systematization of available contrast media, the classification of adverse reactions and measures for their prevention in individuals with risk factors identified from the available primary evidence of high methodological quality and clinical validity.

The aim was to determine the incidence of fetal breech presentation at term, the factors that determine how the impact of labor and mode of delivery on neonatal outcome in pregnancies with a fetus in breech presentation pelvic presentation is a form of the longitudinal position of the fetus, which leads the pelvis and occurs in approximately 3% of pregnancies. Numerous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the optimal mode of delivery in breech presentation of fetus. A retrospective study at the Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Zemun-Belgrade in the period 01.01.2009-31.12.2011 year. We analyzed data obtained from the delivery protocol, computer databases and annual reports.study involved 111 pregnant women in the forward singleton pregnancy (37-41 weeks gestation) with fetal pelvis. We analyzed and compared the group of patients who delivered their babies vaginally and the group of patients who delivered their babies by caesarean section (emergency and planned). Analyzed and compared the following parameters: maternal age, parity, gestational age tudnoće, premature rupture of membranes, weight and head circumference fetus at birth, Apgar score and neonatal complications. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Results are presented tables and graphs. The study period was performed 4665 deliveries, with 111 deliveries in futures fetuses in breech presentation, which is 2.4%. Women delivered vaginally was 79(71%), emergency caesarean section 17(15%), a planned caesarean section 15(14%) pregnant women. The study showed a statistically significant difference in parity (C2=6.23 p<0, 05), with greater participation in the group of primiparas cesarean section, gestational age (t=5.23 p<0,01), weight and head circumference (t=4.37, t=2.47 p<0,01), premature rupture of membranes, (C2=7.72 p<0,01) and gender structure (C2=4.03 p<0,05). The most common indication for elective Caesarean section was prolonged pregnancy, and for an emergency cesarean section because of the delivery routes. There was no statistically significant difference in age of the mother t=1.08, p>0,05, the values of Apgar score in 5 minutes t=1.67 p>0,05, neurological changes p=0.292 and birth trauma, p=0.292 between two groups of neonates. The values of ul minute Apgar score were at the limits of statistical significance p=1.97 p≥0.05. Vaginal delivery in breech presentation, fetal, obstetric an acceptable range, while respecting the principles of good obstetric practice, there is no increase in neonatal morbidity.

Društveni položaj žene u Srbiji u prvim decenijama XX veka oblikovali su patrijarhalno uređeni porodični i društveni odnosi kao i tradicionalni moral.Opasnost za život i zdravlje žene predstavljali su porođaji koji su se dešavali u kući a posebno ilegalni pobačaji koji su obavljani bez prisustva lekara, vršeni od lica koja nisu bila stručna, pa čak i u poodmakloj trudnoći. Ne higijenske prilike u Srbiji bile su glavni uzrok smrti porodilja i novorođenčadi kako na porođaju, tako i u prvim mesecima života. Pri tom, podaci pokazuju da je smrtnost porodilja i dece na rođenju na selu bila viša nego u gradu. U prvim godinama posle Drugog svetskog rata jedan od značajnih indikatora položaja žene u Srbiji se odnosi na dostignut nivo zdravstvene zaštite žene, trudnice, majke i dece. Zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena biilo je vezano za zdravstvenu zaštitu i borbu protiv, posledica neznanja i loših higijenskih navika u zaostalim i patrijarhalnim sredinama.U prvim posleratnim godinama posebna pažnja bila je usmerena na zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena na selu. Liberalizacija namernog prekida trudnoće odvijala se od početka 60-ih godina, da bi pravo čoveka da slobodno odlučuje o rađanju svoje dece, kao pravo garantovano Ustavom, bilo uspostavljeno 1974. godine. U poslednjoj deceniji XX veka u Srbiji je došlo do pogoršanja položaja žena-porodilja i majki čemu je doprinela višegodišnja ekonomska kriza u Srbiji.

Ovim radom obrađuje se deo problema ehinokokoze CNS-a koji se odnosi na spinalnu lokalizaciju oboljenja. Ističu se podaci o lečenim slučajevima u Neurohirurškoj Klinici u Beogradu, Specijalnoj bolnici “Vaso Čuković” u Risnu i Neurohirurškoj službi KBC Zemun. Kada je reč o kliničkoj slici detaljno se ističu: klinička slika kompresije medule spinalis, klinička slika sa udruženom spinalnom i viscelarnom ehinokokozom, klinička slika radikularne, odnosno periradikularne kompresije. Navedene su detaljno specifičnosti ovog oboljenja i teškoće pri postavljanju diferencijalne dijagnoze. Posebno se govori o mogućnostima ultrazvučne i kompjuterizovane tomografije pri postavljanju dijagnoze. Navedena je medikamentozna terapija u kombinaciji sa hirurškim zahvatom, kao i mogućnost supstitucije delova razorenog kičmenog pršljena sa Palakosom uz analizu dostupnog materijala

We compared the safety and efficacy of transurethral vapor resection (TUVRP) and transvesical prostatectomy (TVP) for prostate > 50 ml in retrospective study. Ninety patients with urodynamic obstruction and prostate volume (PV) in range between 50 and 100 ml were analyzed according to the mode of operative treatment (TUVRP vs. TVP). Patients were assessed preoperatively and followed-up at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. All patients underwent general and urological standard evaluation before surgery, including urine analysis, urine culture, blood samples tests, with determination of PSA, DRE, abdominal and minor pelvis ultrasound (US), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), maximal flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine(PVR), and self assessment by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life Score (QoLS). Urethrocystoscopy was obligatory done before TUVRP. TRUS-guided biopsies of the prostate were performed in patients with PSA > 4 ng/ml, abnormal DRE, and/or suspicious echogenicity on TRUS. IPSS, QoLS, Qmax and PVR were obtained at each follow-up. Of 90 patients eligible to participate, 69 patients completed 12 months of follow-up (TUVRP, n=35; TVP, n=36). TUVRP procedure was not faster than TVP procedure (P=0.41); 43.6% and 84.8% of prostatic tissues were resected after TUVRP and TVP, respectively (P<0.001). In TVP group, IPSS, QoLS, Qmax and PVR volume were significantly better than those in TUVRP group at 3 and 12 months of followup. At 12 months postoperatively, IPSS improved 62.7% and 87.9% (P<0.001), QolS decrease by 41.9% and 71.9% (P<0.001), mean Qmax increased by 6.3 ml/s (102.0%) and 11.4 ml/s (230.2%) (P=0.001) and mean PVR volume decreased by 65.4 ml (70.5%) and 71.2 ml (88.6%) (P=0.001) in TUVRP and TVP group, respectively. Two TUVRP patients developed urethral stricture and 1 bladder neck sclerosis postoperatively, requiring internal urethrotomy and TUIP, respectively. TVP may be more effective and safer than TUVRP for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients whose PV is > 50 ml.

Pathological diagnosis of lymphoproliferative processes has been associated with a high error rate of 17- 35%, compared to a low diagnostic error incidence of 1-3% in general histopathology. In lymphoma diagnosis, one half of the diagnostic errors result in significant clinical consequences such as delayed or inappropriate therapy, unnecessary treatment, avoidable morbidity and compromised survival.1 Inherent pathological ambiguity of lymphoproliferative processes, interpretational subjectivity, unfamiliarity with diagnostic criteria and novel entities, lack of expert opinion, inappropriate laboratory support and poor clinico-pathological correlation are the main reasons behind most pitfalls in this subspecialty.

Congenital heart disease is the most important cause of infant mortality. Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries are the most common congenital defects. Congenital heart disease is often fallow by extracardiac malformations. Many studies revailed positive impact of prenatal diagnosis and timelly treatment on pre-operative condition and outcome of surgery and long term prognosis. Neverthelles, structural cardiac anomalies were also among the most frequently missed abnormalities by prenatal ultrasonography at mid-trimester scan. The 4-chamber view has a Detection Rate of 6-50%, with a reasonable figure of 20% in community setting screening programs. The addition of the outflow determines a significant increase of the Detection Rate which, in most studies, ranges 20-40%. The three-vessel view allows to detect major abnormalities of the arches, the neck vessels and the thymus. The prenatal detection of specific types of congenital heart disease, such as Transposition of great arteries, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Tetralogy Fallot, seems to have a significant impact on survival, hospital stay and pre-operative conditions of the affected neonates. Hence, fetal cardiac screening is a must for all health professionals involved in prenatal diagnosis.

Improved methods of early detection and modern therapeutic protocols for malignant diseases led to better survival and increased ratio of cured patients diagnosed for malignances. Cancer survivors are population with increased risk not only for recurrence of the disease but for new primaries and other chronic conditions. Life-style factors, such as nutrition, physical activity and weight management, play key role in preventing these risk factors. Patients in each phase of malignant disease have specific nutritional needs and location of the primary disease and therapeutic modalities additionally modify these needs.