An increasing number of studies support the concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for initiation, growth and metastasis of malignant neoplasms. CSCs represent the population with tumor initiating potential, and possess the properties of normal stem cells, including the ability of self-renewal and perpetual proliferation, as well as the specific potential of multilineage differentiation, which underlies tumor heterogeneity. The persistence of CSCs has been considered the main culprit for tumor relapse and metastasis, since conventional oncologic protocols do not eradicate CSCs. Development of specific therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs may contribute to significant advance in cancer treatment. The crucial step in CSC targeted therapy development, as well as in subsequent efficacy validation, is the identification of specific stem cell markers, where the role of pathologist is of major significance.

The same legal regulations applied for medical doctors involved in patients treatment, also refer to doctors that do not manage therapy, but whose professional activity is essential for providing adequate diagnostics. this group of professionals include pathologists, which is proven by the actual forensic practice. In modern medicine, the role of pathologists is of extreme importance in the diagnostics of many diseases. In this paper, based on presentation of particular cases from the forensic practice and literature data, the possible forms of mistakes in the work of pathologists and their associates are shown, as well as the causes and the consequences of such mistakes, together with the characteristics of the legal procedures and the significance of adequate medicolegal expertise in these cases.

The inflammatory myopathies are heterogeneous aquired diseases which are grouped together because of their imflammatory nature. In this group are included polymyositis, adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. The aim of this review is to point out the basic principles od differential diagnosis of idiopathis aquired inflammatory myopathies. the general pathologists in the rutine practice are very often confronted with skin or muscle samples for many reasons, and so they have to be informed with these basic entities.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, magnetic resonance tomography - MRT, nuclear magnetic resonance - NMR, English: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) is a modern non-ionizing, noninvasive radiological methods of examination which visualize and diagnose anatomical, morphological and functional state of the organs of the human body. MRI is the only one of the important radiological information system. The work of MR is based on the application of a strong homogeneous magnetic field and modern computer technology. This paper presents the basic MRI, history of MRI, magnetic field strength in MR, MR physical principles, principles of MR and MR sequences. Conclusion: MRI is a sovereign, dominant and non-ionizing radiological examination method, which are enriched radiological imaging techniques of pathological states authority, and whose work requires appropriate knowledge of physics, medicine and computer science.

Cilj ovog prikaza slučaja je da na osnovu analizirane kliničke slike i raspoloživog ciklusa lečenja istakne značaj patološkog entiteta sekundarne cervikalne mijelopatije kao posledica degenerativnih spondilotičnih promena na cervikalnim pršljenovima. Ujedno, cilj je bio da se istakne značaj hirurškog tretmana, kao metoda prvog izbora u procesu uspešnog lečenja. Mi smo analizirali sveobuhvatne podatke iz medicinske dokumentacije, rezultate neuroloških kliničkih i dijagnostičkih ispitivanja:, evocirane potencijale, rezultate lumbalne punkcije, imuno - serološke nalaze i rezultate magnetne rezonance. Pretstavljen je pacijent sa naglo nastalom i progresivno razvijenom kliničkom slikom kvadripareze, prvenstveno na donjim ekstremitetima. Sprovedenim kliničko dijagnostičkim ispitivanjem dobijeni su rezultati koji su ukazali na sekundarno nastalu cervikalnu mijelopatiju, na terenu degenerativnog procesa na cervikalnom regionu. Operativno lečenje je bio izbor i metoda lečenja koja se pokazala kao dobar izbor sa uspešnim ishodom. Krajnji ishod lečenja je bio upotpunjen adekvatnom fizikalnom rehabilitacijom. Ova prikaz slučaja predstavlja ilustraciju povoljnog ishoda hirurškog lečenja cervikalne mijelopatije na terenu degenerativnih spondilotičnih promena cervikalne kičme. To je metoda prvog izbora u poboljšavaju funkcionalnog statusa pacijenata i ujedno način da se zaustavi napredovanje patološkog procesa i neurološkog deficita pacijenata.

The three year study has objective to demonstrate the number of pediatric patients up to 15 years of age examined and treated in Department of dermatovenereology, and the distribution of the most common skin diseases of the childhood. During 2011.2012. and 2013. there has been 10210 pediatric patients examined , with their parents or guardians giving anamnestic data. Than skin, hair and nails has been inspected with bacteriological or mycological swabs examination. The total count of patients in three years has been 85371, out of it 10210 pediatric patients examined by dermatovenereologist (11,96%). The most common diseases found were verrucae vulgares (53%), dermatitis atopica (15%), acne (8%), mollusca contagiosa (8%), dermatitis allergica (7%), scabies (4%). Distribution of dermatopediatric diseases in our region corresponds to findings in europian countries, except higher count of scabies patients. Pediatric dermatology is very sensitive field of dermatology, that requires multidisciplinary tretament with pediatricians, allergologists, pulmologists, otorhynolaryngologists, psychologists.

Sredovečni muškarac često ima simptome donjih partija urotrakta (SDPU) kao posledice benignog uvećanja prostate (BUP). Korelacija između metaboličkog sindroma (MS) i SDPU ostaje predmet debate. Ova studija ima za cilj da ispita uticaj MS na SDPU kod sredovečnih muškaraca imali opšti lekarski pregled. Svi pacijenti su podeljeni u 2 grupe u zavisnosti od prisustva 3 ili više faktora rizika uključujući povišen krvni pritisak, obim struka, glikemiju,HDL holesterol i trigliceride. Volumen prostate (VP), određen pomoću transrektalnog ultrazvuka, i nivo prostata specifičnog antigena (PSA) su upotrebljeni za podgrupnu analizu, uključujući odredjivanje ukupnog Internacionalnog Prostata Simptom Skora (IPSS), sa iritativnim i opstruktivnim skorom, kao i ocenu kvaliteta života. Tri stotine pedeset četiri muškarca, srednje starosti 55.6 ± 9.71 godina, su uključeni u studiju. U zavisnosti od navedenih kriterijuma za MS, 108 (30.5%) je imalo MS i predstavljalo je studijsku grupu, dok je 246 (69.5%) MS-negativnih muškaraca formiralo kontrolnu grupu. Antropometrijski indeksi, metabolički parametri i učestalost arterijskie hipertenzije su bili veći kod grupe sa MS u odnosu na grupu bez MS (p<0.0001). Grupa sa MS (7.89 ± 6.63 prema 6.85 ± 6.52) je imala manju srednju vrednost ukupnog IPSS, manju slabost mlaza urina pri mokrenju (1.24 ± 1.60 prema 0.95 ± 1.50, p= 0.021) i manji stepen IPSS gradiranja (p=0.014). Kod većeg VP (> 30 mL), ukupni IPSS, iritativni i opstruktivni skor, urgentni pozivi na mokrenje i nepotpuno pražnjenje bešike su bili manje izraženi kod grupe sa MS (p<0.05). U grupi sa višim prostata specifičnim antigenom (PSA) (> 0.93 ng/ mL), muškarac sa MS je imao značajno niži IPSS, opstruktivni skor, nepotpuno pražnjenje mokraćne bešike i slab mlaz. Negativna povezanost izmedju iritativnih i opstruktivnih smetnji, intenzitet SDPU i MS postaje naročito izražena sa povećanjem broja faktora rizika MS (p<0.0001). Odnos šanse (OŠ) za umeren i izražen SDPU je bio signifikantno manji kod muškaraca sa 3 (OŠ 0.61; 95% interval poverenja (IP) 0.40-0.94) ili 5 (OŠ 0.32; 95% IP 0.11-0.95) faktora rizika. Muškarci u grupi sa MS imaju manju verovatnoću da imaju umeren do žestok skor SDPU (OŠ 0.58; 95% IP 0.41-0.83). Studija je pokazala da MS ima povoljan efekt na SDPU, uključujući iritativne i opstruktivne simptome kod zdravih sredovečnih muškaraca. Beneficirajući efekat je bio najizraženiji kod muškaraca sa uvećanom prostatom i/ili višim vrednostima PSA.

During our perennial work with patients with systemic sclerosis we noticed that after the therapy of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBOt) they were able to their mouths open more easily. This treatment effect became visible when we started treating our patients with physical therapy. In order to find out whether this was patients’ subjective impression or an objective increase, we decided to keep the track of changes in mouth circumference before and after combined therapy of hyperbaric oxygenation and physical therapy. We treated the patients with ten HBO treatments at 2.0 ATA. Physical therapy lasted for ten days. First, the patients went to phototherapy with infrared rays (Solux lamp) for 15 minutes, at 40 cm intervals, perpendicularly, and then they went to kinesitherapy for mimic musculature in front of a mirror. Measurements before and after the therapy have shown a statistically significant difference and proved that the combination of HBO therapy and physical therapy has its place in treating these patients.

Nonspeci¿ c interstitial pneumonia is a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. By de¿ nition, the cases of nonspeci¿ c interstitial pneumonia are those which cannot be classi¿ ed as any other type of interstitial pneumonia. The Material of the investigation included 12 transbronchial biopsy lung samples. The quantity, structure and distribution of speci¿ c cellular elements were determined semiquantitatively, recognizing three levels of the lesions’ intensity: mild/ poor, moderate, and intense/abundant. The interalveolar septa were most frequently moderately thickened (50% of the cases) due to the presence of inÀ ammatory cells and multiplied connective. Of the inÀ ammatory cells, lymphocytes were most common and greatest in quantity (abundant, moderate and poor in 4, 5, and 3 cases respectively), followed by plasma cells and macrophages. The septal connective was moderately and mildly multiplied in 2 and 4 cases respectively. The lumen of the alveoli was in¿ ltrated by lymphocytes and macrophages, while poor peribronchial and perivascular lymphocyte in¿ ltrates were most commonly found. The interalveolar septa were most frequently moderately thickened due to the presence of chronic inÀ ammatory cells, predominantly lymphocytes, as well as to mildly-to-moderately multiplied connective. The lymphocytes usually permeated the septa diffusely. Bronchiolar and blood vessel ¿ ndings were nonspeci¿ c.

LCH is characterized by the presence of Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. The investigated material included open lung biopsy samples taken from seven patients (four males and three females) at the mean age of 23.2 years. They were all smokers. The intensity of the histological lesions was semiquantitatively measured, differentiating three intensity grades: mild, moderate and intense. In most cases (3/7), the interalveolar septa were focally and intensively thickened. The inÀ ammatory in¿ ltrates in the septa were focal, intense in 3/7, moderate in 1/7, and mild in 1/7 specimens. Lymphocytes prevailed, followed by macrophages, eosinophil granulocytes, and plasma cells. The lumen of the alveoli was occupied by a few macrophages and lymphocytes, sparse plasma cells and few eosinophil granulocytes. The alveolar cells were focally cuboid in 7 cases. Histiocyte aggregates were detected in all specimens, most frequently localized peribronchiolarly (7/7) and in the intraalveolar septa (4/7). The aggregates had either a clear (15/25), or a relatively clear (10/25) demarcation line against the periphery. The aggregates were predominantly composed of Langerhans’ cells (7/7, abundant), followed by eosinophil granulocytes (abundant in 4/25, moderate in 8/25, sparse in 13/25), lymphocytes (sparse in 10/25 and moderate in 15/25 cases), and plasma cells (sparse in 10/25). The Langerhans’ cells were CD1a and S 100 positive. Histiocyte aggregates were registered in all biopsy samples; the Langerhans’ cells were CD1a and S100 positive.