The same legal regulations applied for medical doctors involved in patients treatment, also refer to doctors that do not manage therapy, but whose professional activity is essential for providing adequate diagnostics. this group of professionals include pathologists, which is proven by the actual forensic practice. In modern medicine, the role of pathologists is of extreme importance in the diagnostics of many diseases. In this paper, based on presentation of particular cases from the forensic practice and literature data, the possible forms of mistakes in the work of pathologists and their associates are shown, as well as the causes and the consequences of such mistakes, together with the characteristics of the legal procedures and the significance of adequate medicolegal expertise in these cases.

The inflammatory myopathies are heterogeneous aquired diseases which are grouped together because of their imflammatory nature. In this group are included polymyositis, adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. The aim of this review is to point out the basic principles od differential diagnosis of idiopathis aquired inflammatory myopathies. the general pathologists in the rutine practice are very often confronted with skin or muscle samples for many reasons, and so they have to be informed with these basic entities.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, magnetic resonance tomography - MRT, nuclear magnetic resonance - NMR, English: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) is a modern non-ionizing, noninvasive radiological methods of examination which visualize and diagnose anatomical, morphological and functional state of the organs of the human body. MRI is the only one of the important radiological information system. The work of MR is based on the application of a strong homogeneous magnetic field and modern computer technology. This paper presents the basic MRI, history of MRI, magnetic field strength in MR, MR physical principles, principles of MR and MR sequences. Conclusion: MRI is a sovereign, dominant and non-ionizing radiological examination method, which are enriched radiological imaging techniques of pathological states authority, and whose work requires appropriate knowledge of physics, medicine and computer science.

The three year study has objective to demonstrate the number of pediatric patients up to 15 years of age examined and treated in Department of dermatovenereology, and the distribution of the most common skin diseases of the childhood. During 2011.2012. and 2013. there has been 10210 pediatric patients examined , with their parents or guardians giving anamnestic data. Than skin, hair and nails has been inspected with bacteriological or mycological swabs examination. The total count of patients in three years has been 85371, out of it 10210 pediatric patients examined by dermatovenereologist (11,96%). The most common diseases found were verrucae vulgares (53%), dermatitis atopica (15%), acne (8%), mollusca contagiosa (8%), dermatitis allergica (7%), scabies (4%). Distribution of dermatopediatric diseases in our region corresponds to findings in europian countries, except higher count of scabies patients. Pediatric dermatology is very sensitive field of dermatology, that requires multidisciplinary tretament with pediatricians, allergologists, pulmologists, otorhynolaryngologists, psychologists.

Postoji relativno malo podataka u literaturi koji imaju za cilj procenu korelacije između kvaliteta ishrane i simptoma donjih partija urotrakta (SDPU). Cilj ove studije je da proceni povezanost izmedju kvaliteta ishrane i SDPU. Naša hipoteza je bila da je izbalansirana zdrava ishrana udružena sa manjom učestalošću SDPU. Studija obuhvata 852 pacijenata starosti >40 godina od kojih je 724 (85%) kompletiralo urinarni upitnik. Primenjena je bivarijantna analiza da se ispita stepen SDPU kod pacijenata sa dobrom i lošom ishranom. Multivarijantna regresiona analiza je primenjena da se proceni uticaj demografskih faktora kod pacijenata sa ili bez SDPU u zavisnosti odgodina starosti, pušenja, dijabetesa, konzumiranja alkohola, gojaznosti i fizičke aktivnosti. Pošto smo isključili iz analize 31 pacijenta sa karcinomom prostate, naša studija je obuhvatala 693 muškaraca od kojih je 139 (20%) imalo najmanje jedan simptom indikativan za SDPU (63 iritativne, 46 opstruktivne i 30 oba simptoma). Veća verovatnoća za pojavu SDPU je postojala kod seoske populacije (p<0.0001), nepušača (p<0.0001), dijabetičara (P<0.0001), starijih muškaraca (p<0.0001), sa višim PSA (p<0.0001) i dijagnozom uvećanja prostate (p<0.0001). Umerena i intenzivna fizička aktivnost i unos alkohola su bili češće zastupljeni kod muškaraca bez SDPU (p<0.0001). Nadjena je veća učestalost SDPU kod muškaraca sa malim unosom mlečnih proizvoda (22.4%:16.4%) (p=0.0013), oskudnim unosom proteina (24.6%:17.9%)(p=0.012), generalno lošom ishranom (28.2%:17.8%) (p=0.012) i malom raznolikošću ishrane (26.1%:17.6%) (p=0.001). Multivarijantna analiza je pokazala da nezdrava ishrana, seoska populacija i stariji muškarciimaju veći rizik za pojavu SDPU, dok je unos alkohola imao protektivno dejstvo na SDPU.

Sredovečni muškarac često ima simptome donjih partija urotrakta (SDPU) kao posledice benignog uvećanja prostate (BUP). Korelacija između metaboličkog sindroma (MS) i SDPU ostaje predmet debate. Ova studija ima za cilj da ispita uticaj MS na SDPU kod sredovečnih muškaraca imali opšti lekarski pregled. Svi pacijenti su podeljeni u 2 grupe u zavisnosti od prisustva 3 ili više faktora rizika uključujući povišen krvni pritisak, obim struka, glikemiju,HDL holesterol i trigliceride. Volumen prostate (VP), određen pomoću transrektalnog ultrazvuka, i nivo prostata specifičnog antigena (PSA) su upotrebljeni za podgrupnu analizu, uključujući odredjivanje ukupnog Internacionalnog Prostata Simptom Skora (IPSS), sa iritativnim i opstruktivnim skorom, kao i ocenu kvaliteta života. Tri stotine pedeset četiri muškarca, srednje starosti 55.6 ± 9.71 godina, su uključeni u studiju. U zavisnosti od navedenih kriterijuma za MS, 108 (30.5%) je imalo MS i predstavljalo je studijsku grupu, dok je 246 (69.5%) MS-negativnih muškaraca formiralo kontrolnu grupu. Antropometrijski indeksi, metabolički parametri i učestalost arterijskie hipertenzije su bili veći kod grupe sa MS u odnosu na grupu bez MS (p<0.0001). Grupa sa MS (7.89 ± 6.63 prema 6.85 ± 6.52) je imala manju srednju vrednost ukupnog IPSS, manju slabost mlaza urina pri mokrenju (1.24 ± 1.60 prema 0.95 ± 1.50, p= 0.021) i manji stepen IPSS gradiranja (p=0.014). Kod većeg VP (> 30 mL), ukupni IPSS, iritativni i opstruktivni skor, urgentni pozivi na mokrenje i nepotpuno pražnjenje bešike su bili manje izraženi kod grupe sa MS (p<0.05). U grupi sa višim prostata specifičnim antigenom (PSA) (> 0.93 ng/ mL), muškarac sa MS je imao značajno niži IPSS, opstruktivni skor, nepotpuno pražnjenje mokraćne bešike i slab mlaz. Negativna povezanost izmedju iritativnih i opstruktivnih smetnji, intenzitet SDPU i MS postaje naročito izražena sa povećanjem broja faktora rizika MS (p<0.0001). Odnos šanse (OŠ) za umeren i izražen SDPU je bio signifikantno manji kod muškaraca sa 3 (OŠ 0.61; 95% interval poverenja (IP) 0.40-0.94) ili 5 (OŠ 0.32; 95% IP 0.11-0.95) faktora rizika. Muškarci u grupi sa MS imaju manju verovatnoću da imaju umeren do žestok skor SDPU (OŠ 0.58; 95% IP 0.41-0.83). Studija je pokazala da MS ima povoljan efekt na SDPU, uključujući iritativne i opstruktivne simptome kod zdravih sredovečnih muškaraca. Beneficirajući efekat je bio najizraženiji kod muškaraca sa uvećanom prostatom i/ili višim vrednostima PSA.

During our perennial work with patients with systemic sclerosis we noticed that after the therapy of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBOt) they were able to their mouths open more easily. This treatment effect became visible when we started treating our patients with physical therapy. In order to find out whether this was patients’ subjective impression or an objective increase, we decided to keep the track of changes in mouth circumference before and after combined therapy of hyperbaric oxygenation and physical therapy. We treated the patients with ten HBO treatments at 2.0 ATA. Physical therapy lasted for ten days. First, the patients went to phototherapy with infrared rays (Solux lamp) for 15 minutes, at 40 cm intervals, perpendicularly, and then they went to kinesitherapy for mimic musculature in front of a mirror. Measurements before and after the therapy have shown a statistically significant difference and proved that the combination of HBO therapy and physical therapy has its place in treating these patients.

Osteopoikilija je jedna manje poznata anomalija koštanog razvoja koja se pojavljuje familijarno. Kao posebnu pojavu prvi je opisao 1915 god. Albers Schonberg a u isto vreme nezavisno od njega opisuje osteopoikiliju Ledoux Lebard. Voorhoeve 1924 god. Opisuje ovo stanje kao Osteopathia striata (Voorhoev –a bolest).

Osteopoikilija pripada grupi nesavršenih osteogeneza koja se karakterišu u nedovoljnoj diferencijaciji spongiozne kosti zbog čega se u odgovarajućim delovima skeleta pojavljuju mnogobrojna ognjišta osteoskleroze. Oboljenje je nasledno i postoje brojni opisi familijarnog pojavljivanja u nekoliko pokoljenja jedne porodice. U ovom radu prikazujemo jedan slučaj osteopoikilije koji je otkriven kod muškarca starosti 25 godina, koji se javio ambulantno u Traumatološku službu KBC Zemun.

The conventional cytology has a longstanding role in the diagnostics of primary and metastatic lung carcinoma. Multiple factors have influence on the choice of technique used: for example, the location of the lesion, its size, interpretation of the radiological imaging, the seriousness of the symptoms, as well as the manual skill and commitment of the physician to certain technique. In this paper, the most important sampling techniques and sample processing are shown as the most important factors of a successful pathohistological analysis.

The histologic finding of teratoma occures in aproximately 40% of all postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC-RPLA) for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular tumors (NSTT). We evaluated patients undergoing PCRPLA for teratoma to determine risk factors for recurrence and clinical outcome. Among a survey of 193 patients submitted to PC-RPLA due to metastatic NSTT from 1980-2005, we identified 82 patients (42%) who were found to have only teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Sixty-seven patients (82%) received only induction cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and 15 (18%) required 2nd line chemotherapy. PC-RPLA histology revealed mature teratoma (MT) in 86%, immature teratoma (IMT) in 12% and teratoma with malignant transformation (TMT) in 2%. Sixteen patients (19%) relapsed within median free interval of 22 months. Among 13 patients submitted to redoRPLA, discordant histology occurred in 6 patients (46%) (2 TMT, 4 viable germ cell tumors [GCT]), all with worst histology in comparison to primary RPLA. One relapsing patient with only elevated serum tumor markers (STMs) achieved complete response with chemotherapy alone. Two patients relapsed at 21 and 74 months with widespread metastasis and died despite salvage chemotherapy. Seven of 13 patients (54%) who were rendered free of disease (FOD) with redo-RPLA, relapsed again. All but one died despite salvage treatment (2 of chemotherapy related toxicity) within mean survival time (MST) of 86.7+/-26.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 98.79- 149.21). At mean follow-up (MFU) of 135+/-62.6 months (95% CI, 98.79-149.21), alive and free of disease (AFD) are 90% patients. The probability of being reccurence-free at 5- and 10- year was 87% and 81%, respectively. The 5- and 10- year probability of disease speciphic survival (DSS) were 98% and 89%, respectively. On multivariate analysis residual mass size (p<0.005) and worse IGCCCG risk group (p=0.01) predicted disease recurrence. Patients with residual teratoma after PC-RPLA continue to exibit a 19% risk of recurrence even 10 years after RPLA, with 46% recurrence being with worse histology. These data support that these patients should undergo long-term surveillance of their retroperitoneum in the setting of a large residual mass or elevated IGCCCG classification risk.