Cysts of the spleen are rare disease that affects the spleen. They are divided into primary and secondary in relation to the etiology and histopathology. We report two young patients of a boy aged 16 and a girl of 15 godina. Ultrasonography and CT of the abdomen showed a large cystic mass in the spleen unclear origin. On laparotomy for both the patient was found a large cyst that reached to the upper pole of the spleen and required total splenectomy. Histopathology showed fibrous cyst wall with areas of hyaline degeneration below which there is significant blood kongstion.Etipatogenesis and different modalities of treatment for cysts of the spleen are questionable. Although pseudocysts of the spleen are rare, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in the upper abdomen in young adolescents.

An increasing number of studies support the concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for initiation, growth and metastasis of malignant neoplasms. CSCs represent the population with tumor initiating potential, and possess the properties of normal stem cells, including the ability of self-renewal and perpetual proliferation, as well as the specific potential of multilineage differentiation, which underlies tumor heterogeneity. The persistence of CSCs has been considered the main culprit for tumor relapse and metastasis, since conventional oncologic protocols do not eradicate CSCs. Development of specific therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs may contribute to significant advance in cancer treatment. The crucial step in CSC targeted therapy development, as well as in subsequent efficacy validation, is the identification of specific stem cell markers, where the role of pathologist is of major significance.

Zemun hospital, the present-day Clinical Hospital Zemun-Belgrade, was founded in 1784, is the oldest hospital in the Serbia. For over two centuries, it blazed the trial and still pioneers in the application of numerous advanced medical achievements and knowledge in this region.

Rak dojke je najčešći maligni tumor i jedan od vodećih uzroka prevremene smrti žena u Republici Srbiji. Stope razboljevanja i umiranje od raka dojke su neprestano raste u poslednjih nekoliko decenija. U više od polovine slučajeva, rak dojke je otkrivena u poodmakloj fazi. U Republici Srbiji, neinvazivni rak dojke se nalazi samo u 1% slučajeva, a procenat bolesti lokalizovane samo u grudima je 37%. Uzimajući u obzir ove podatke, potrebno je upotrebiti sve dostupne metode snimanja i relevantne medicinske specijalnosti, a sve u cilju postavljanja dijagnoze raka dojke u ranoj fazi, jer je to jedini mogući način da se potpuno izleči ova teška bolest.

Cilj ovog prikaza slučaja je da na osnovu analizirane kliničke slike i raspoloživog ciklusa lečenja istakne značaj patološkog entiteta sekundarne cervikalne mijelopatije kao posledica degenerativnih spondilotičnih promena na cervikalnim pršljenovima. Ujedno, cilj je bio da se istakne značaj hirurškog tretmana, kao metoda prvog izbora u procesu uspešnog lečenja. Mi smo analizirali sveobuhvatne podatke iz medicinske dokumentacije, rezultate neuroloških kliničkih i dijagnostičkih ispitivanja:, evocirane potencijale, rezultate lumbalne punkcije, imuno - serološke nalaze i rezultate magnetne rezonance. Pretstavljen je pacijent sa naglo nastalom i progresivno razvijenom kliničkom slikom kvadripareze, prvenstveno na donjim ekstremitetima. Sprovedenim kliničko dijagnostičkim ispitivanjem dobijeni su rezultati koji su ukazali na sekundarno nastalu cervikalnu mijelopatiju, na terenu degenerativnog procesa na cervikalnom regionu. Operativno lečenje je bio izbor i metoda lečenja koja se pokazala kao dobar izbor sa uspešnim ishodom. Krajnji ishod lečenja je bio upotpunjen adekvatnom fizikalnom rehabilitacijom. Ova prikaz slučaja predstavlja ilustraciju povoljnog ishoda hirurškog lečenja cervikalne mijelopatije na terenu degenerativnih spondilotičnih promena cervikalne kičme. To je metoda prvog izbora u poboljšavaju funkcionalnog statusa pacijenata i ujedno način da se zaustavi napredovanje patološkog procesa i neurološkog deficita pacijenata.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and maternal obesity are in parallel related with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Examination of the combined association of these common metabolic problems with pregnancy outcomes is an important question. Objective of our study was to determine associations of diabetes mellitus and obesity with adverse delivery outcomes. The primary outcome measures were duration of labor, mode of delivery, Apgar scores in 1st and 5th minute, obstetric interventions and maternal injuries at births. Women with DM were more likely to have Cesarean Section (p < 0.01) and less likely to have had an episiotomy and perineal repair than women without DM (all p < 0.05). Connections between DM and obesity with other adverse outcomes of labor have not been found.

The 50-gram non-fasting one hour Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) is today the one most widely implemented as a screening test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Positive result of GCT creates a preliminary GDM diagnosis. Diagnosis of GDM labels a pregnancy high risk. Any highrisk pregnancy can cause maternal anxiety. The aim of the study was to investigate pretest and posttest anxiety levels in pregnant women undergoing GCT. Anxiety levels were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA score). Pretest HAMA score was 7.1±3.34 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis, and 6.69±5.51 in the women with negative GCT results. After delivering GCT results, HAMA score was 8.64 ± 8.10 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis and 4.29±2.29 in the women without preliminary GDM diagnosis. Pretest levels of anxiety among all pregnant women undergoing GCT were increased. However, this was temporary in women with negative GCT, whose anxiety levels decreased after delivering GCT results. Among women preliminary diagnosed with GDM, posttest HAMA evaluation revealed sustained increased levels of anxiety. Concerns regarding the anxiety caused by screening for GDM were confirmed by the results of our study

Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) is used for the detection of antibodies or complement components on the red cell membrane. The result of a positive DAT in voluntary blood donors is extremely rare. The aim of our case studies was to demonstrate that the positive DAT in voluntary blood donors can be the cause of disturbances during the performance of compatibility test (crossmatch), in patients with multiple erythrocyte alloantibodies. For performing DAT we used polyspecific and monospecific AHG reagents anti-IgG, anti-C3d (Seraclone®) for the method in a test tube, and the ID Liss/Coombs card anti-IgG + C3d (Diamed®) for the gel method. During the performance of the compatibility testing, for the haematological patient who has the anti-K and antiE irregular antibodies in the serum, with phenotype blood unit, the positive result was obtained at room temperature and in the indirect antiglobulin test. In further examination, the donor red cells were tested in the direct antiglobulin test. In a test tube with poliyspecific AHG reagent test result was positive, and in the LISS/Coombs gel method test result was negative. Because of discrepancies in testing, DAT was performed with monospecific AHG reagents. Only with anti-C3d monospecific AHG reagent in tube there was a positive result with donor erythrocyte. Voluntary blood donor was a man, 61 years old, who was suffering from hypertension, treated by ACE inhibitor medication. The results of blood counts and biochemistry did not indicate existence of haemolytic process. Aetiology and consequences of positive DAT in the healthy population are not yet sufficiently investigated. This requires extensive and detailed research. Accordingly, the disturbances in the selection of blood units for the recipient should be kept in mind the existence of this phenomenon.