Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in men population. Multifactorial etiology, unpredictable course and outcome of the disease put survival determining factors of disease in the spotlight. One of new survival prognostic factors is Charlson Comorbidity Index – CCI. We presented basic characteristics of CCI, literature review regarding the CCI, as well as advantages and disadvantages of this index. CCI represents optimal balance between ease of use and prognostic capabilities. CCI value significantly contributes to better assessment of the long-term survival and the selection of appropriate cancer therapy.

prevalence to pandemic proportions, but also because vascular complications. Macrovascular complications (macronagiopathy) in diabetes are reduced to a rapid increase atherosclerosis. In diabetes there is a cooperation of multiple independent risk factors for the development of macrovascular complications. Hyperlipidemia are one, and according to some the most important risk factor for atroskleroze and vascular diseases. Diabetic microangiopathy (microvascular complications) is a process that affects the small blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries and venules) a basic change in the thickening of the basement membrane of the blood vessels due to the accumulation of material, also called PAS - positive material. In the study included 64 patients, a close age, were divided into four test grupe.The first group of subjects, which we did the control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals. The second group did the same number of patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest chronic complications. The third study group consisted of 20 patients with diabetes mellitus with developed microvascular complications.In the fourth study group classified 20 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 with manifest and dominant macrovascular promenama.Glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglyceride and cholesrola were determined by standard biochemical procedures. Chronic complications were diagnosed on the basis of medical examination of corresponding specialties and standardized diagnostic procedures. Mean values of cholesterol from four of our test group were highest in the group of patients with diabetic microangiopathy and 6:34 +/- 1.35 mmol / l. A statistically significant difference in the level of cholesterol tested between our group could not be found. Following a statistically significant difference in the level of triglycerides, we found that it exists between the control and the other three groups (p = 0.02). An analysis of covariance was possible to statistically determine the impact of certain relevant parameters, such as blood lipid levels on the occurrence of vascular complications. Found a statistically significant effect of plasma cholesterol levels on the occurrence of micro and macroangiopat. The aim is to determine the incidence of hyperlipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, in order to determine the differences in the presence of hyperlipidemia between healthy controls and of the respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without chronic complications, and to investigate the dependence hyperlipidemia.i chronic complications patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Caecal diverticulosis is a rare cause of ileocoecal pain in western population. It represents 3.6% of all colonic diverticular disease. Signs and symptoms of this disease may mimic acute appendicitis and it is found in one in every 300 appendicectomies. Giving its low incindence the correct diagnosis is usually intraoperative. Eighty-three years old male presented to the surgical admission unit with a two days long history of pain in ileocaecal region. The pain started suddenly, it was constant and worsened on cough and excertion. He was afebrile, denied nausea and vomiting, changes in bowel movements and urination. The abdomen was not distended, it was soft and tender in low right quadrant, without organomegaly. Renal sucussion was negative. There were no signs of hernias. There were traces of normal stool on the rectal examination. Blood tests revealed an elevated total leukocyte count with granulocytosis and elevated parametrs of inflamation. A provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. Taking into consideration the atypical presentation we decided to do the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the abdomen. It revealed a heterogenous soft tissue mass in the area of right hemicolon infiltrating the surrounding fat tissue. The patient was operated on the same day. The procedure revealed a normal looking appendix and caecal diverticulum with an inflamed wall with localized perforation. We performed a right hemicolectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient made a full recovery. Caecal diverticulosis, although a rare disease in the westwrn world should be taken into consideration in patients with pain in right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The management of this disease should be individual, depending on patient's health status and the stage of disease in the moment of diagnosis. Management of patients with confirmed caecal diverticulitis can be conservative or surgical. Surgical treatment include diverticulectomy, ileocaecal resection and right hemicolectomy.

Breast cancer is a serious health problem. It is the most common cancer in women. The aim of this study was to estimate the concordance between ER, PR receptor and HER-2 immunohistochemistry assessment scores in pared CNB (core needle biopsy) and surgical specimens. Histological grade, oestrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status were evaluated in a blinded fashion in CNB and in surgical excision specimens. Absolute concordance rate between core needle biopsies and surgical specimens for histological grade was 50% with κ value (0,15) for ER 92% with κ value (0,79), PR 88% with κ value (0,73) and for HER2 96% with κ value (0,91). CNB can provide reliable information in evaluation of ER, PR and HER2 status in an invasive breast carcinoma.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important social and medical problem. Complete recovery can be achieved only if the disease is diagnosed in the early stages, most common by screening methods. Studies have shown that screening methods reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. The methods for colorectal screening can be divided into tests that allow the detection of cancer (fecal occult blood test and fecal DNA test) and morphological tests that allow diagnosis of cancer or adenomatous polyps (flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double contrast barium enema, CT colography ). In people with average risk of disease, screening begins at 50 years and performed on one of the following: fecal occult blood test (every year), flexible sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years), colonoscopy (every 10 years), double contrast barium enema (every 5 years) or CT colography (every 5 years). Colonoscopy is the preferred method, and is used as a confirmatory method, if the any other methods was positive.

Natural disaster, such as earthquakes, fires and volcanic eruptions, airline and railway accidents and shipwrecks, as a rule, are very rare, but they always have human victims. Wars are also a form of mass killings of people, but the identification of war victims requires more complex procedures. The most reliable and certain methods used for identification are fingerprints, dental analysis and DNA analysis. Secondary means of identification include a personal description, medical findings, as well as evidence and clothing found on the body. The largest contribution to the identification of the bodies was given by dentists who tried to identify victims with the teeth. Dental identification is an essential procedure that is conducted either independently or as supplement identification. Dentition in process of identifying the victims is used to compare AM (ante-mortem) and PM (post mortem) anthropological characteristics and dental procedures. Today dental identification is unavoidable process, because of its simplicity and because of the speed and economy.

Hair loss in children hospitalized for malignant diseases treatment is most visible manifestation that dramatically influences their later selfconfidence. Further, this could strongly affect possible development of psychic crisis. Scientific researches on motivational aspects of involvement for provision of non-formal categories of support to patients with malignant diseases are infrequent. Therefore, this topic should be more investigated in future. Humanitarian initiative “Kilometer of hair”, as unique philanthropic activity at territory of Serbia in year 2015, had as an aim to collect hair for preparation of wigs for children treated for malignant diseases. The main question in our study was definition of key motives for hair donation. We classified three main groups of motives. Altruism was detected as motivation in almost one-half of all interviewed subjects. Second group included almost one third of all subjects and their main motivation for hair donation was empathy. The smallest percentage of hair donors was motivated with some kind of public approval and welcome from society. We believe that further research in this area could give some directives for program planning of further improvement of social awareness for psychosocial support to children with malignant diseases.

Razlike u polu su pronađene u mnogim oboljenjima srca, kod moždanog udara i tumora.Razlike u poluu depresiji kod pacijenata satumorommozga su retko istraživane. Cilj rada Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi odnos između ispoljene depresivne epizode i pola kod pacijenata sa tumorom mozga. Metode rada Podaci se sastoje od 115 pacijenata sa primarnim tumorommozga, 61 muškaraca i 54 žena. Depresija pacijenata je procenjena Hamiltonov skalom depresivnosti (HADS). Nivo depresije kod žena je bila veća u odnosu namuškarce. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između muške i ženske grupe, iako je depresija češća kod žena. Naši podaci su slični kao i većina rezultata iz epidemioloških studija koje pokazuju da je depresija češća kod žena.Dalje studije su potrebne da pronađu konekciju između biološkog uzroka tumora mozga i depresije. Razlike u polu pomažu nam da razumemo prirodu neuropsihijatrijskih poremećaja, koje će nam pomoći da pronađemo specifične tretmane i strategije prevencije.

Cilj rada je da pokažemo metode dijagnostike, terapiju i uspešnost lečenja infertiliteta u manjim sredinama. Retrospektivnom studijom analizirali smo dijagnostiku, terapiju i uspešnost lečenja infertiliteta u periodu od 2002-2006. godine. Pratili smo kupno 94 para sa problemom infertiliteta. Kod 30 parova problem dijagnostike i lečenja infertiliteta nije ozbiljno shvaćen, tako da su u startu bili osuđeni na neuspeh. Preostala 64 para su aktivno učestvovala u dijagnostici i lečenju tako da je studija zasnovana na njima. Analizirajući anovulaciju, odnosno stimulaciju ovulacije, kod 64 pacijentkine pratili smo: uspešnost stimulacije ovulacije, trudnoće i njihov ishod, nadzor ovulacije folikulometrijom i određivanjem progesterona 20 dc, komplikacije - hiperstimulirajući ovarijalni sindrom,prosečnu starost pacijentkinja, vrstu i trajanje infertiliteta,dužinu stimulacije, prisustvo bakterija u cervikalnom kanalu, nalaz HSG, hormonski status, ishod urađenih laparoskopija, spermogram muževa i mesto lečenja infertiliteta. Uzroci steriliteta kod ispitivanih pacijentkinja su poremećaji ovulacije, oštećenje jajovoda, bakterije u cervikalnom brisu, muški faktor, godine starosti. Poremećaji ovulacije su uzroci infertiliteta u oko 30-40% slučajeva. Stimulacijom ovulacije kod 73% pacijentkinja je došlo do trudnoće a kod 62% pacijentkinja je trudnoća završena uspešno.

The biological potential of teratoma remains unpredictable, therefore identifying its presence in the retroperitoneum remains important. We evaluated patients undergoing post-chemothe rapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC-RPLA) for nonseminomatous testicular tumors (NSTT), to determine predictors of teratomatous elements in the retroperitoneum. We identified 161 patients from 1982 to 2005 who underwent PC-RPLA for metastatic NSTT. Multiple clinical and pathological variables were reviewed from out RPLA database. Of the 161 patients in our series, 112 (70%) received only induction chemotherapy and 49 (30%) required 2nd line chemotherapy. Studies of retroperitoneal pathology demonstrated the presence of fibrosis in 44 (27%), teratoma in 82 (51%) and vital carcinoma in 35(22%).Among 82 patients (51%) with finding of teratomatous elements at PC-RPLA, we revealed the presence ofmature teratoma in 85%, immature teratoma in 12% and teratoma with malignant transformation in 3%. Of the 99 patients (61%) with teratomatous elements in the primary NSTT, 61 (62%) had teratoma at PC-RPLA. Even in the absence of teratoma in the primary NSTT, teratoma was present in the retroperitoneum in 21 of 62 patients (32%)(p<0.0001). All patients had normal values of serum tumor markers (STM) at PC-RPLA. Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass measuring <2 cm, from 2.1-5.0 cm and > 5 cm in diameter occured in 30%, 52% and 55%, respectively. By multivariate analysis , teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen (p<0.005), relative change in nodal size before and after chemotherapy (p<0.005), and no requirement for 2nd line chemotherapy (p=0.33) were independent predictors for the presence of the teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Teratoma remains a common histologic finding in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes following chemotherapy. We have identified several pre-RPLA variables that predict the finding of teratoma in the retroperitoneum for men treated with chemotherapy for metastatic NSTT.