prevalence to pandemic proportions, but also because vascular complications. Macrovascular complications (macronagiopathy) in diabetes are reduced to a rapid increase atherosclerosis. In diabetes there is a cooperation of multiple independent risk factors for the development of macrovascular complications. Hyperlipidemia are one, and according to some the most important risk factor for atroskleroze and vascular diseases. Diabetic microangiopathy (microvascular complications) is a process that affects the small blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries and venules) a basic change in the thickening of the basement membrane of the blood vessels due to the accumulation of material, also called PAS - positive material. In the study included 64 patients, a close age, were divided into four test grupe.The first group of subjects, which we did the control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals. The second group did the same number of patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest chronic complications. The third study group consisted of 20 patients with diabetes mellitus with developed microvascular complications.In the fourth study group classified 20 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 with manifest and dominant macrovascular promenama.Glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglyceride and cholesrola were determined by standard biochemical procedures. Chronic complications were diagnosed on the basis of medical examination of corresponding specialties and standardized diagnostic procedures. Mean values of cholesterol from four of our test group were highest in the group of patients with diabetic microangiopathy and 6:34 +/- 1.35 mmol / l. A statistically significant difference in the level of cholesterol tested between our group could not be found. Following a statistically significant difference in the level of triglycerides, we found that it exists between the control and the other three groups (p = 0.02). An analysis of covariance was possible to statistically determine the impact of certain relevant parameters, such as blood lipid levels on the occurrence of vascular complications. Found a statistically significant effect of plasma cholesterol levels on the occurrence of micro and macroangiopat. The aim is to determine the incidence of hyperlipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, in order to determine the differences in the presence of hyperlipidemia between healthy controls and of the respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without chronic complications, and to investigate the dependence hyperlipidemia.i chronic complications patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

The aim of our study was to determine using immunohistochemical method profi and relationship between lymphocytes in lymphoid rich stroma of the Warhins tumors, as well as, the relationship between lymphocytes and tumors epithelial cells. Our retrospective-prospective study we conducted in the Department of Clinical Pathology KBC Zemun on 25 samples of tissue from the parotid gland with WT tumor surgically removed at the Department of ENT KBC Zemun in the period from 2000 to 2016 year. Sections of tumor tissue, fixed in 10% formalin were stained with hematoxylin-eosin standard method, and then immunohistochemical method to: antibody B lymphocytes (CD20) antibody for T lymphocytes (CD3), keratin antibody that marks the basal and columnar epithelial cells (CK7 ) and keratin antibody that marks only the basal epithelial cells (CK5 / 6). We have found that in relation to the gender distribution of all 25 patients, there were more male patients: 16 (64%) men and 9 (36%) women. Immunohistochemical analysis with keratin antibody CK7 showed that luminal columnar cells intensely positive (+++) more than 75% in 23 cases (92%), whereas in 2 cases were intensely positive (+++) in percentages ranging from 25 to 75%. In contrast to the luminal, basal cells were always showed little immunoreactivity (+) antibody to CK7 and in 20 cases in the group of <25% of the cells respectively in the cases of 5% in the group 25-75. Evaluation of the presence, intensity, type and distribution of cells with each other and in relation to the tumor epithelial component would contribute to establishing unclear histogenesis lymphoid stroma at the tumor.

Axial non-contrast CT scan is the standard technique in patients with head and/or face injury. The three dimensional CT imaging reconstruction is becoming a gold standard in trauma of maxillofacial region enabling a clear perception of fracture lines and resulting displacement of fracture fragments. Le Fort fractures are fractures of the midface. In Le Fort type 3 fracture the craniofacial disjunction is present. A 91-yearold female had a mild facial trauma as a result of accidental fall. Axial CT scan showed artifacts, but three dimensional CT imaging reconstruction showed typical Le Fort type 3 fracture. Since clinical and 3D CT reconstruction finding were in complete contradiction, we repeated CT scan, which showed normal finding. This case is shows that in an era of incredible progress of neuroradiology, clinical examination still remains the best diagnostic tool.

The aim of the study was to determine the etiology and incidence diastema median of the upper jaw, with tutins and rozajs high school. Biostatistical data collection, analysis and interpretation was conducted after specialist systematic review of 100 patients, of equal gender representation. Methodological defined parallel, divergent and convergent diastema median, measured in gingival and incisal part of the crown, using a digital vernier.In multicausal aetiology dominates heritage (37,05 %), ahead of the low attachment fibrous frenulum (14,28 %) and the discrepancies in the length of the dental arch and the size of the teeth (14,28 %). Diastema median is represented in 14 persons (14.0 %), of which at 5 females 5 (10,0 %) and 9 men (18,0 %). According to the most common form is represented parallel to the median diastema, in both sexes, more common in males (10.0 %) than females (6,0 %). The incidence of diastema median in the sample is higher than the representation of the majority of Europeans, but less than most African and Asian nations.

Bladder carcinomas are common medical problem of modern society. They represent second most common malignancy of genito-urinary sistem. Rhabdomyosarcoma is on of most common soft tissue tumor in infants and children, arising from immature cells destined to differentiate into striated muscle cells. On the other hand, bladder rhabdomyosarcomas in the adult population are extremely rare and so far only few cases are described in literature. We present a patient in the seventh decade of life, successfully operated from a rare type of embryonic bladder rhabdomyosarcoma, botrioid subtype.

Hair loss in children hospitalized for malignant diseases treatment is most visible manifestation that dramatically influences their later selfconfidence. Further, this could strongly affect possible development of psychic crisis. Scientific researches on motivational aspects of involvement for provision of non-formal categories of support to patients with malignant diseases are infrequent. Therefore, this topic should be more investigated in future. Humanitarian initiative “Kilometer of hair”, as unique philanthropic activity at territory of Serbia in year 2015, had as an aim to collect hair for preparation of wigs for children treated for malignant diseases. The main question in our study was definition of key motives for hair donation. We classified three main groups of motives. Altruism was detected as motivation in almost one-half of all interviewed subjects. Second group included almost one third of all subjects and their main motivation for hair donation was empathy. The smallest percentage of hair donors was motivated with some kind of public approval and welcome from society. We believe that further research in this area could give some directives for program planning of further improvement of social awareness for psychosocial support to children with malignant diseases.

Jednojajčani blizanci su multidisciplinarni fenomen, čudo fetalne biologije, medicinski reproduktivni izazov, najbliža i najtrajnija biološka veza. Cilj istraživanja je komaparativna analiza fiziološkog mirovanja mandibule kod jednojajčanih blizanaca. Ovo longitudinalno oralno-epidemiološko istraživanje, izvršeno je na randomizovanom uzorku od 30 parova jednojajčanih blizanaca, podjednake polne zastupljenosti i hronološke starosne dobi od 20 do 40 godina. Na osnovu statističkih parametara vrednovan je položaj fiziološkog mirovanja i obavljena komparativna analiza, odnosno određen stepen intraparske sličnosti i razlika, među članovima istog para i određen stepen interparske sličnosti i razlika, kod članova različitih parova monozigotnih blizanaca. Vrednovanjem poređenja položaja fiziološkog mirovanja,kod jdnojajčanih blizanaca, t-testom nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika za fiziološko mirovanje, u predelu prednjih zuba. Konkordantnost odnosno usaglašenost konačnih ioshoda je dokazana među članovima istog i različitih parova. Razlika nije uočena, ni odnosu na pol. Komparacijom vrednosti položaja fiziološkog mirovanja, nije utvrđena statistički značajna intraparska ni interparska razlika, među članovima istih i različitih MZ blizanačkih parova.

Skin antisepsis prior to invasive procedures, hand hygiene performed by health care workers, sterilization and disinfection of medical devices and environmental surfaces are the most important measures used to control nosocomial infections. Hand hygiene is the cheapest and most effective measure. Hand rubbing with an alcohol-based hand rub is recommended for the routine decontamination of hands. Hand washing with soap and water should be employed when hands are visibly soiled, and when exposure to Clostridium difficile infection is suspected or proven. Most alcohol based hand rubs are based on isopropanol, ethanol or npropanol. The WHO published guidance recommend 20–30 seconds for routine hand rubbing. There are no recommendations stating that antimicrobial soaps are more effective than plain soaps. It is recommended to use alcohol-containing preparatory agents for skin preparation prior surgery, injections, incisions and punctures. Neutral pH detergent solutions are commonly used for cleaning equipment and instruments. Data did not clearly demonstrate that enzymatic cleaners are more effective than non-enzymatic cleaners. High level disinfection is safe procedure only if adequate products are properly used. There are no any special products for multidrug resistant bacteria.

The biological potential of teratoma remains unpredictable, therefore identifying its presence in the retroperitoneum remains important. We evaluated patients undergoing post-chemothe rapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC-RPLA) for nonseminomatous testicular tumors (NSTT), to determine predictors of teratomatous elements in the retroperitoneum. We identified 161 patients from 1982 to 2005 who underwent PC-RPLA for metastatic NSTT. Multiple clinical and pathological variables were reviewed from out RPLA database. Of the 161 patients in our series, 112 (70%) received only induction chemotherapy and 49 (30%) required 2nd line chemotherapy. Studies of retroperitoneal pathology demonstrated the presence of fibrosis in 44 (27%), teratoma in 82 (51%) and vital carcinoma in 35(22%).Among 82 patients (51%) with finding of teratomatous elements at PC-RPLA, we revealed the presence ofmature teratoma in 85%, immature teratoma in 12% and teratoma with malignant transformation in 3%. Of the 99 patients (61%) with teratomatous elements in the primary NSTT, 61 (62%) had teratoma at PC-RPLA. Even in the absence of teratoma in the primary NSTT, teratoma was present in the retroperitoneum in 21 of 62 patients (32%)(p<0.0001). All patients had normal values of serum tumor markers (STM) at PC-RPLA. Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass measuring <2 cm, from 2.1-5.0 cm and > 5 cm in diameter occured in 30%, 52% and 55%, respectively. By multivariate analysis , teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen (p<0.005), relative change in nodal size before and after chemotherapy (p<0.005), and no requirement for 2nd line chemotherapy (p=0.33) were independent predictors for the presence of the teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Teratoma remains a common histologic finding in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes following chemotherapy. We have identified several pre-RPLA variables that predict the finding of teratoma in the retroperitoneum for men treated with chemotherapy for metastatic NSTT.

Subtrochanteric fractures these days are about one quarter of all femur fractures. Mostly, they occur with the elderly which demand certain speed when it comes to operation procedures and quick verticalisation. These are fractures that extend from the distal part of the small trochanter and about 5 cm distally. A 88 year old patient underwent surgery in our hospital because of the fracture of the femur, sustained in a fall. On the basis of anesthesiology overview it was concluded that there is a very high risk. Stabilization of the fracture with self-locking wedge was done. Not in this or in other cases is not necessary to achieve perfect anatomical reposition, axle and length of the extremities are enough. This is achieved with the stabilization of the proximal and distal screws. Method of administration justifies its use for the most critical moments in the surgical treatment of the elderly population: the speed of execution and minimal approach.