The psychological impact of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been investigated widely in both children and adults. Although these studies suggest that person who develop GDM is at risk for emotional/ psychological distress, this finding is not universal. The aim of our study was to look at the state of anxiety in the group of pregnant women with well controlled GDM class A1 patients at 36 weeks of gestation and to compare it with the healthy controls at the same gestational age in population of pregnant women in Belgrade, Serbia. The study was carried on in 48 pregnant women with GDM and 80 healthy controls. The anxiety state of the two groups was evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The incidence rate of anxiety in the pregnant women with GDM were 27.03% (13/48), and in the healthy pregnant women 13.75% (11/80). The incidence rate of anxiety in pregnant women with GDM was higher significantly than control group, and there were significant difference in total score and its factorial score of HAMA in the two groups. The incidence rate of anxiety in the pregnant women with GDM is higher, and anxiety is the dangerous factor of GDM. Psychological state in pregnant woman, especially in pregnant women with GDM must be noticed, and psychological counseling and psychological therapy may be carried on as early as possible.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, such as fetal overgrowth. Although most studies addressing the effects of maternal BMI on adverse outcomes include women with GDM, a little is known about associations between maternal BMI and fetal metabolic status evaluated by ultrasonography means. One of the ultrasound parameter of glycemic controlis the measurement of fetal liver length. Prospective study of 385 women with monofetal pregnancies and established risk for GDM underwent mid-trimester ultrasound exam, during which fetal liver length were measured. After exam, body mass index (BMI) was determined for each patient. Each participant underwent 100 g fasting oral glucose challenge test (oGTT) in order to confirm or to exclude diagnosis of GDM. There was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between the BMI and fetal liver length for the entire sample (N=385; p<0.001; R=+0.55) as well in the sample of GDM patients (N=96; p<0.001; R=+0.58) and controls (N=289; p<0.001; R=+0.33). Maternal BMI has impact on fetal liver length assessed by ultrasound exam. This influence is even higher in GDM.

Study objective was to test the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue (ASCT) measured by ultrasound. The total number of pregnant women enrolled in the prospective study was 280. For all participants BMI was determined. Study participants underwent ultrasound exam at 32nd week of gestation and ASCT was measured. Positive correlation has been found between ASCT and maternal BMI (p<0.01, r=0.1612). The study showed that intrauterine growth and development is partially regulated by the maternal BMI.

The 50-gram non-fasting one hour Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) is today the one most widely implemented as a screening test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Positive result of GCT creates a preliminary GDM diagnosis. Diagnosis of GDM labels a pregnancy high risk. Any highrisk pregnancy can cause maternal anxiety. The aim of the study was to investigate pretest and posttest anxiety levels in pregnant women undergoing GCT. Anxiety levels were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA score). Pretest HAMA score was 7.1±3.34 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis, and 6.69±5.51 in the women with negative GCT results. After delivering GCT results, HAMA score was 8.64 ± 8.10 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis and 4.29±2.29 in the women without preliminary GDM diagnosis. Pretest levels of anxiety among all pregnant women undergoing GCT were increased. However, this was temporary in women with negative GCT, whose anxiety levels decreased after delivering GCT results. Among women preliminary diagnosed with GDM, posttest HAMA evaluation revealed sustained increased levels of anxiety. Concerns regarding the anxiety caused by screening for GDM were confirmed by the results of our study

Lekar koji učestvuje u prenatalnom skriningu i dijagnostici kongenitalne srčane bolesti mora biti familijaran sa potencijalnim uticajem tehničkih faktora u postizanju najboljih diagnostičkih prikaza srca i njegovih struktura, a sve u okviru prihvatljivih termalnih i mehaničkih sigurnosnih limita ultrazvučnih procedura u obstetriciji. Znanje adekvatne optimizacije gain-a, uvećanja ultrazvučne slike, korišćenje compound imaging-a i harmonic imaging-a su preduslovi kvalitetnog pregleda. Ostali važni faktori koji utiču na pregled i koji treba da se uzmu u obzir su gestaciona starost u momentu pregleda, maternalni telesni habitus, fetalni pokreti i pozicija i primenjena frekvenca ultrazvučnog talasa. Nekad je neophodno da se sačeka optimalni fetalni položajda bi prikazali željene strukture, a da bi se to postiglo nekad se pacijent mora ponovo pregledati nekom drugom prilikom.

Funkcionalna definicija matične ćelije podrazumeva da je to najmladja ćelija ljudskog organizma koja poseduje izvanredan kapacitet samoobnavljanja i sposobnost diferenciranja u specijalizovane tipove ćelija. Osnovna podela je na embrionalne matične ćelije i adultne matične ćelije. Embrionalne matične ćelije predstavljaju najmladje ćelije ljudskog organizma. One su pluripotentne i imaju sposobnost da se pretvore u otprilike 220 vrsta ektoderma, mezoderma i endoderma. Adultne matične ćelije su nediferentovane ćelije koje se pojavljuju u odraslom tkivu.. I one imaju sposobnost da se samoobnavljaju i proizvode diferentovane potomke, ali su one multipotentne i kapacitet diferentovanja im je ograničen. Njihova osnovna funkcija je obnavljanje oštećenog tkiva. Obzirom da kardiovaskularna oboljenja predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih uzroka morbiditeta i mortaliteta čitavog čovečanstva, interesovanje za korišćenje matičnih ćelija kod kardioloških oboljenja je u žiži interesovanja naučnika.