Reliable preoperative staging of cervical cancer is important to evaluate and compare the results of different therapeutic modalities, including, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The diagnostic reliability of preoperative staging of cervical cancer by cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage was evaluated by a retrospective diagnostic study. The results of this preoperative staging were compared with the stage of cancer set on the basis of histopathological examination of the samples. Only patients who were clinically staged as early (operable) to the disease stage were included in the study. Postoperative diagnosis in 98 patients was exocervical cancer, in 12 endocervical cancer in 5 it was H-SIL (CIN III), and in 4 patients it was chronic cervicitis. The diagnostic reliability of preoperative staging of cervical cancer by cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage was 76.9%. In order to reduce errors in the staging of cervical cancer, it is advised that it be performed in specialized cancer centers by an experienced oncology gynecologist.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of involvement and infiltration of the pelvic lymph glands in endometrial cancer. The retrospective study included patients who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer after exploratory curettage, and who were then referred for surgical treatment with partial or total pelvic lymphadenectomy. We analyzed 99 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Pelvic lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with medium and high risk endometrial cancer for disease recurrence. Given the importance of the evaluated issue, it is necessary to perform randomized studies to examine the therapeutic effect of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, especially in patients at medium and high risk for recurrence of endometrial cancer.

The aim of this study is to show the correlation between histopathological findings of preoperative exploratory uterine curettage with the result of postoperative histopathological findings in endometrial cancer. Our retrospective study included 386 patients who underwent exploratory curettage and were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, and who were then subjected to surgical treatment for endometrial cancer. The patients were operated on in the period from 2016-2020. at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”. Retrospectively, 388 patients who underwent exploratory curettage and were diagnosed with endometrial cancer were included, who were then operated on. The mean age of the patients was 62.7 years and the coincidence of the findings of the histopathological type of endometrial cancer obtained by exploratory curettage and postoperatively was determined in 71.6%, and the coincidence of the histological grade of the cancer in 61.6% of cases. Exploratory uterine cirrhosis is a diagnostic procedure for endometrial cancer. Our results showed that in 4% of cases of endometrial cancers diagnosed by exploratory curettage, they were not found in the postoperative histopathological finding

The psychological impact of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been investigated widely in both children and adults. Although these studies suggest that person who develop GDM is at risk for emotional/ psychological distress, this finding is not universal. The aim of our study was to look at the state of anxiety in the group of pregnant women with well controlled GDM class A1 patients at 36 weeks of gestation and to compare it with the healthy controls at the same gestational age in population of pregnant women in Belgrade, Serbia. The study was carried on in 48 pregnant women with GDM and 80 healthy controls. The anxiety state of the two groups was evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The incidence rate of anxiety in the pregnant women with GDM were 27.03% (13/48), and in the healthy pregnant women 13.75% (11/80). The incidence rate of anxiety in pregnant women with GDM was higher significantly than control group, and there were significant difference in total score and its factorial score of HAMA in the two groups. The incidence rate of anxiety in the pregnant women with GDM is higher, and anxiety is the dangerous factor of GDM. Psychological state in pregnant woman, especially in pregnant women with GDM must be noticed, and psychological counseling and psychological therapy may be carried on as early as possible.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, such as fetal overgrowth. Although most studies addressing the effects of maternal BMI on adverse outcomes include women with GDM, a little is known about associations between maternal BMI and fetal metabolic status evaluated by ultrasonography means. One of the ultrasound parameter of glycemic controlis the measurement of fetal liver length. Prospective study of 385 women with monofetal pregnancies and established risk for GDM underwent mid-trimester ultrasound exam, during which fetal liver length were measured. After exam, body mass index (BMI) was determined for each patient. Each participant underwent 100 g fasting oral glucose challenge test (oGTT) in order to confirm or to exclude diagnosis of GDM. There was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between the BMI and fetal liver length for the entire sample (N=385; p<0.001; R=+0.55) as well in the sample of GDM patients (N=96; p<0.001; R=+0.58) and controls (N=289; p<0.001; R=+0.33). Maternal BMI has impact on fetal liver length assessed by ultrasound exam. This influence is even higher in GDM.

Study objective was to test the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue (ASCT) measured by ultrasound. The total number of pregnant women enrolled in the prospective study was 280. For all participants BMI was determined. Study participants underwent ultrasound exam at 32nd week of gestation and ASCT was measured. Positive correlation has been found between ASCT and maternal BMI (p<0.01, r=0.1612). The study showed that intrauterine growth and development is partially regulated by the maternal BMI.

The 50-gram non-fasting one hour Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) is today the one most widely implemented as a screening test for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Positive result of GCT creates a preliminary GDM diagnosis. Diagnosis of GDM labels a pregnancy high risk. Any highrisk pregnancy can cause maternal anxiety. The aim of the study was to investigate pretest and posttest anxiety levels in pregnant women undergoing GCT. Anxiety levels were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA score). Pretest HAMA score was 7.1±3.34 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis, and 6.69±5.51 in the women with negative GCT results. After delivering GCT results, HAMA score was 8.64 ± 8.10 in the women with preliminary GDM diagnosis and 4.29±2.29 in the women without preliminary GDM diagnosis. Pretest levels of anxiety among all pregnant women undergoing GCT were increased. However, this was temporary in women with negative GCT, whose anxiety levels decreased after delivering GCT results. Among women preliminary diagnosed with GDM, posttest HAMA evaluation revealed sustained increased levels of anxiety. Concerns regarding the anxiety caused by screening for GDM were confirmed by the results of our study

Postoje kontroverze vezane za vreme, vrstu i metod skrininga gestacionog dijabetesa, kao i za populaciju trudnica koju treba podvrgnuti skriningu. Iako najšire primenjen, glucose chalenge test, kao i alternativne metode skrininga različitim glikemijskim vrednostima, ne pokazuju dovoljno visoku specifičnost. Zato se traže alternativne metode skrininga. Osim o kontroverzama skrininga, ovaj pregledni članak razmatra u

Congenital heart disease is the most important cause of infant mortality. Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries are the most common congenital defects. Congenital heart disease is often fallow by extracardiac malformations. Many studies revailed positive impact of prenatal diagnosis and timelly treatment on pre-operative condition and outcome of surgery and long term prognosis. Neverthelles, structural cardiac anomalies were also among the most frequently missed abnormalities by prenatal ultrasonography at mid-trimester scan. The 4-chamber view has a Detection Rate of 6-50%, with a reasonable figure of 20% in community setting screening programs. The addition of the outflow determines a significant increase of the Detection Rate which, in most studies, ranges 20-40%. The three-vessel view allows to detect major abnormalities of the arches, the neck vessels and the thymus. The prenatal detection of specific types of congenital heart disease, such as Transposition of great arteries, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Tetralogy Fallot, seems to have a significant impact on survival, hospital stay and pre-operative conditions of the affected neonates. Hence, fetal cardiac screening is a must for all health professionals involved in prenatal diagnosis.

Lekar koji učestvuje u prenatalnom skriningu i dijagnostici kongenitalne srčane bolesti mora biti familijaran sa potencijalnim uticajem tehničkih faktora u postizanju najboljih diagnostičkih prikaza srca i njegovih struktura, a sve u okviru prihvatljivih termalnih i mehaničkih sigurnosnih limita ultrazvučnih procedura u obstetriciji. Znanje adekvatne optimizacije gain-a, uvećanja ultrazvučne slike, korišćenje compound imaging-a i harmonic imaging-a su preduslovi kvalitetnog pregleda. Ostali važni faktori koji utiču na pregled i koji treba da se uzmu u obzir su gestaciona starost u momentu pregleda, maternalni telesni habitus, fetalni pokreti i pozicija i primenjena frekvenca ultrazvučnog talasa. Nekad je neophodno da se sačeka optimalni fetalni položajda bi prikazali željene strukture, a da bi se to postiglo nekad se pacijent mora ponovo pregledati nekom drugom prilikom.