Na početku 21. veka, u vremenu društveno-političkih i ekonomskih previranja, u tadašnjoj Jugoslaviji nije bilo organizovanih naučnih i edukativnih aktivnosti u oblasti ehokardiografije. Zahvaljujući entuzijazmu nekoliko srpskih kardiologa, koji su prepoznali potrebu za promenom, aprila 2001. godine u Beogradu je osnovano ehokardiografsko udruženje, sa ciljem da postavi standarde ehokardiografskog pregleda, podrži naučne aktivnosti u oblasti ehokardiografije i osnaži saradnju sa međunarodnim ehokardiografskim organizacijama. Nakon raspada bivše Jugoslavije, prvobitan naziv «Jugoslovensko ehokardiografsko udruženje» (YUECHO), 2006. godine promenjen je u Ehokardiografsko udruženje Srbije (ECHOS).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of the Waldeyer’s ring tumor pathology. Waldeyer’s ring is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue that surrounds nasopharynx and oropharynx. It consists of a pharyngeal tonsil, two tubal tonsils, two palatinal tonsils in the oropharynx, and lingual tonsil. The tonsils are made of heterogeneous tissues, therefore inside the tonsils proliferations could be neoplastic or reactive nature. The participants in our retrospective research were one thousand one hundred thirty patients with histopathology report of tumors of the Waldeyer’s ring. Seven hundred eleven where male and four hundred nineteen were female. The research was conducted at the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Clinical Center of Serbia from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistic methods. It was found that the highest percent of participants developed reactive follicular hyperplasia (51,2%), 25.9% percent squamocellular carcinoma, 8.4% undifferentiated non keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and 8.0% nonHodgkin lymphoma. The most malignant tumors were found among male participants over 60 years of age. The majority of malignant tumors grew in oropharynx. The most common tumor was squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of exposure to the health risk of the user by using a medical prescription reading goggles, which are classified as low risk, and whether the data from the package leaflet are correctly applied. Medical devices are instruments, apparatus, materials and other products intended to be used for humans and which do not achieve its basic purpose on the basis of pharmacological, immunological or metabolic activity, but are used alone or in combination, including the software required for proper use. Depending on the categories to which they belong, medical devices have greater or lesser risk of adverse health effects on patients. Medical devices are classified to classes according to the degree of risk for the user ranging from low risk to high risk. Research was conducted in retail stores: pharmacies, optical stores and facilities for selling consumer goods. The survey questionnaire methodology collected data on habits of customers - users of diopter reading glasses. The survey was conducted among the masters of pharmacies, opticians and retailers in the period from March to June 2019. Twenty-five facilities were included in the survey in the area of Tuzla, Sarajevo and Zenica.Statistical data processing was done in Microsoft Excel. Study showed that 35% of the respondents answered that patients visited ophthalmologists and brought medical report with needed corrective diopter, while significantly larger number of respondents – 65% answered that patients didn’t visit ophthalmologists and didn’t have a medical report with needed corrective diopter. Research has shown that 73.75% of patients don’t read the instructions for use, while only 26.25% of patients read instructions for use.

Aim: We present a rare case of simultaneous occurrence Concurrent occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and monoclonal plasmacitosis (MP): Introduction: The simultaneous occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and monoclonal plasmacytosis (MP) in bone marrow (BM) biopsy in patient without previous exposure to chemotherapy is very rare. Case report: We reported the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with fatigue, fever, maculopapular rush, weight loss and bone pain. She was admitted to the Haematology Department of University CHC Bezanijska Kosa in November 2015. The complete blood count showed: white blood cell count 33x109/l (neutrophils 31%, myeloblasts 12%, monoblasts, promonocytes and monocytes 53%), hemoglobin 77gr/l, platelet count 34x109/l and 5% blastic cells in the peripheral smear. Serum immunoelectrophoresis showed increased monoclonal IgA (IgA 9,98, IgM 2,29, IgG 10,1), kappa/lambda 0,84, Beta2microglobulin 3,16. Biochemistry showed elevated creatinin level 93umol/l, uric acid 412 umol/l, high LDH 876U/l and sedimentation rate (50mm/h). Urine electrophoresis showed monoclonal heavy and light chains lambda type. Liquor immunophenotyping showed neuroleukemia. Skeletal survey showed no lytic lesions. The BM aspiration revealed around 10% plasma cells and BM biopsy showed infiltration by 20% monoclonal plasma cells (kappa-/lambda ) with 30% infiltration by cells with monocytes differentiation (without excess of blasts). Biopsy of skin lesion 17 MATERIA MEDICA • Vol. 34 • Issue 1, suplement 1 • april 2018. revealed myeloid sarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis detected normal karyiotype with FLT3 and NPM mutation. The patient was diagnosed as AML-M5, administered with induction therapy (DA Cytosar) and consolidation therapy (HiDAC) and she was successfully treated with allogenenic stem cell transplantation. She achieved and maintained complete remission. Conclusion: Monoclonal plasmacytosis of BM should be carefully examined due to possible association with other haematological malignancies

Aim: Report of two cases of benign skin tumors of different histogenesis with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement. Introduction: ALK gene mutation or rearrangement positive tumors (ALKomas) are heterogeneous group in which such genetic finding has diagnostic or predictive value. ALK gene fusions are associated with tumorigenesis of some cutaneous tumors, e.g. plexiform Spitz nevus (PSN) and epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH). Cases reports: Histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and genetic characteristics were analyzed in two skin tumors with ALK gene rearrangement proved by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). First case is PSN localized on face in a 8-year-old boy. Tumor was consisted of spindle cells arranged in plexiform growth pattern throughout epidermis and dermis, with following IHC characteristics: HMB45  focally, p16 , Ki67  in 1% of cells. Deletion of CDKN2A gene was not detected in significant number, while ALK gene rearrangement was positive in 37/50 (74,2%) of cells. Second case is EFH localized on shoulder in a 16-year-old girl. This dermal based tumor was consisted of tightly packed large epithelioid cells, which were CD68 , p16 , S100-, HMB45-, SOX10-, CD1a-, Ki67 (<5% of cells). ALK gene rearrangement was positive in 24/100 (24%) of cells, and focal chromosome 2 polysomy was noted. Neither mitoses nor necrosis were present in any of presented cases. Conclusion: Skin ALKomas are tumors with heterogeneous histological and immunohistochemical characteristics, and also with variable extent of ALK rearrangement.

Aim: We present the case of a rare localization of the alveolar soft part of the sarcoma in the visceral organ. Introduction: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor typically occurring in young patients, more frequently in females. Common localization of ASPS is skeletal musculature of lower extremities. ASPS in visceral organs usually represents a metastasis from the more common primary location in skeletal muscles. ASPS is characterized by a tumor-specific translocation which causes the fusion of the TEF3 with a ASPL gene (also known as ASPSCR1). Case report: Female 47 years old was admitted to hospital due to abdominal pain. Urgent surgery was performed due to ileus. Ileal tumor was detected intraoperatively as a cause of ileus. Tumor was infiltrated whole intestinal circumference, with dimension 70mm x 47cm and evident perforation. Histology showed well-defined nests of pleomorphic cells separated by delicate fibrovascular septae. Within described nests there is a prominent lack of cellular cohesion, representing for the distinctive pseudoalveolar pattern. Immunohistochemical stadies were diffusely positive for TFE3 and focally positive for CD34 and alpha-SMA and negative for panCK, DOG-1, CD117, S-100, HMB45, Desmin. Immunopositivity for Ki67 was present in 20% of tumor cells. FISH analysis was done using locus specific dual color break-apart TFE3 (3 and 5 ) probe and rearrangement in the TFE3 gene was confirmed. Conclusion: Despite the fact that ASPS is rare mesenchymal tumor in visceral organs it have to be considered as possible diagnosis especially in cases with typical histological features and immunohistochemical profile. Definitive diagnosis of ASPS must be confirmed by FISH analysis.