The aim of this study was to determine the importance of health care in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding in the digestive tract is divided into bleeding from the upper and bleeding from the lower part of the digestive tract. Caring for patients with severe bleeding is a serious challenge. The role of the nurse and the way the patient approaches the patient in terms of care, but also recognizing the development of possible complications, is very important. Descriptive surveys were applied using a questionnaire as a research instrument. The study found that females are more represented than males, that the level of education is high and that most employees have been working for more than 5 years. The analysis of questionnaires from the second group of questions related to professional issues related to bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract showed that 80% (16) of respondents were thoroughly acquainted with the types of bleeding from the digestive tract, and that 70% (14) of respondents Bleeding from the digestive tract is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors, so that 65% of respondents know in detail and apply the nursing procedures used in cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. 95% answered that the nurse is obliged to fully recognize the symptoms of bleeding and possible complications, and that 60% of the respondents were fully acquainted with the procedures aimed at reducing pain in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. All 100% of the respondents thought that the nurse was fully acquainted with the symptoms and signs of bleeding, with the procedures of diagnosis and treatment, as well as with dietary measures. 85% of respondents were aware of care measures related to reducing fear and insomnia in patients. 80% of the respondents thought that they had enough knowledge to provide care for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and 97% of the respondents thought that the patients were not enough, or not educated at all.

The aim of the study is to present the tasks of a nurse in educating mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is the best start to a baby’s life, because breast milk is the best food for a baby. Despite all the advantages and multiple positive effects of breastfeeding, a small percentage of breastfed children has been recorded in the world. For the purposes of this research, an indirect observational method was used - a survey. A questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this research was used as an instrument. Using the random sampling method, we included 30 postpartum mothers who underwent an education program. The research was conducted in the Health Center Podgorica, in the period from 01.07.-20.07.2021. years. According to the results of the research, 46.7% of mothers had enough information about the benefits of breastfeeding, and 46.66% of them had a problem with breastfeeding. The results show that 73.34% of respondents are educated about breastfeeding. Half of the mothers of 15 of them received the most information about natural nutrition from other mothers. 90% of mothers had a positive attitude about the importance of natural nutrition. Based on the conducted research, we can conclude that the engagement of the nurse in the issue of educating mothers about breastfeeding has improved the attitudes of mothers, but not to a sufficient extent. The results of the research show that mothers are not sufficiently educated about the importance of breastfeeding. Research shows that if mothers receive adequate information and support, they will be more willing to start and maintain breastfeeding for as long as possible. Existing studies indicate that women need effective support for breastfeeding,but many health professionals lack the necessary knowledge, attitudes and skills. The results of our study also show that it is necessary to improve the education of nurses in order to improve their skills and pass on important information to mothers about the importance and need for breastfeeding.

The aim of our work is to examine the impact of lifestyle on body mass index, as well as to examine the impact of sociodemographic lifestyle factors in school children. Prevalence of overfeeding and obese children, is rapidly increasing both in the world and in our country, so obesity is gaining pandemic size. The research was conducted as a retrospective study for the period from 2011 to 2015. The respondents consist of 700 primary school students aged 7 to 14 from the territory of the municipality of Pancevo. The body mass index (BMI) - calculated on the basis of percentiles - is defined as a dependent variable in this paper ranks, categorized into four groups, as an independent variable are defined sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of young people. The questionnaire was formed for the purposes of this research, and dimensionality the questionnaire was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. Between groups with different indexes body weight, there is a statistically significant difference in eating habits, leisure habits time and performing physical activity. Eating habits, leisure habits and physical activity, they are important predictors of body mass index, while school success is a predictor of lifestyle ages 7 to 14 years.

We present the case of a young mother, 21 years old, who developed an intra-abdominal abscess 2 weeks after the caesarean section. Postpartum abscess after caesarean section is rare (≤1%), but potentially a very serious complication. It usually occurs as a consequence of inadequate or delayed treatment of postesectional endometritis. Risk factors are younger age, lower socioeconomic status, multiple vaginal examinations and length of caesarean section. The causes are anaerobic and Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical symptoms are variable, nonspecific and present as fever, abdominal and pelvic pain, signs of peritonitis, tachycardia, tachypnea, and generalized weakness. Complications include septicemia, fistula formation, multiorgan dysfunction, and even death. Ultrasound examination is the initial diagnostic method that can confirm the existence of a purulent collection. In case of diagnostic dilemmas, an urgent CT examination is indicated.

The aim of the research was to determine the profile of employed nurses involved in the care of patients receiving chemotherapy and to assess the level of specific education for this type of care. Specialized education, preparation and training are required for oncology nurses who administer chemotherapy and other dangerous anti-cancer drugs to ensure a safe level of care. An observational survey of the survey type was applied, and the results were presented by descriptive statistical methods. The study sample consisted of 20 respondents, nurses and technicians from the Institute of Oncology and Radiology in Belgrade. The research was conducted in the period from May 1 to 20, 2019, at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology in Belgrade. The profile of nurses in our study was that most nurses are traditionally female, with an average age of 36-55 with a high school diploma. Nurses have sufficient knowledge about malignant diseases (65%), 80% are well aware of the side effects of chemotherapy, 55% of nurses provide psychological support to patients with malignant diseases, and 75% assess pain in patients. A slightly higher percentage of 65% of nurses who devote enough time to acquainting patients with their disease and the purpose of treatment. Half of the respondents go to trainings regularly. Based on the results of the research, we can conclude that most nurses have sufficient knowledge about malignant diseases, but the number of those who need additional education is not negligible, to which additional attention must be paid.

The aim of this study was to point out the importance of the work of a nurse in the early detection of persons at increased risk for the development of diabetes at the level of primary health care. DM is a global phenomenon and a major socio-economic and medical problem. The most important tests for the diagnosis of diabetes are the determination of HbA1c and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The paper conducted a study in the form of analysis of data on examinations performed on 330 patients in 2020 at the Health Center Veliko Gradiste during the implementation of the project “Knowledge to Health” which included screening for early detection of DM type 2 by determining HbA1c-glycosylated hemoglobin and oral glucose tolerance test. The total number of respondents in this study was 330 and the survey was conducted during 2020. The analysis of the study sample showed that more than 184 respondents (55.76%) were female. In relation to age, most respondents were in the age group over 65 (64.54%) years of age in both sexes. This indicates that age (and often associated diseases) is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Measurement and determination of HbA1c values in both men and women showed that high values were mostly found in people over 65 years of age. The glucose load test in 27 men (oral glucose tolerance test - OGTT test) showed that normal tolerance exists in 10 men over the age of 65, w h ile 3 men over the age of 65 have a high risk of developing diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was determined by a glucose load test in 4 women ove r the age of 65, then in 1 woman aged 55-64, as well as in 2 women aged 45-54. One of the basic tasks of nurses is to conduct health education work with patients, give advice for successf u l treatment and care, and if done properly, it c an reduce one of the most important public health problems of modern society.

Schwannoma is a slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerve that frequently occurs in the region of the head, neck and spine. We present a 50-year-old male patient diagnosed and operated for schwannoma of the ulnar nerve in the distal part of the left forearm. In the case of a palpable limb mass, one of the possible diagnoses is schwannoma, and since operative technique is somewhat specific with tumor enucleation and internal neurolysis, it is crucial to preoperatively keep in mind schwannoma as a possible diagnosis.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of abnormal cardiac loading conditions. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Yamaguchi syndrome) is a relatively rare HCM phenotype. It is characterized by apical left ventricular hypertrophy, often with the absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In patients with HCM symptoms of angina are quite common, mostly due to microvascular dysfunction or oxygen supply demand mismatch. Here we present a case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with concomitant severe coronary artery disease.

Breast cysts are the most common benign changes at women aged 35 to 50 years old. Usually there isn’t highest risk for breast cancer in women with cystic changes, but in the rare cases cancer can be found in association with a cyst. We reported two patients aged 33 and 45 years old. Both of them had breast cystic changes. We performed Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) with cytological examination of the aspirated content, the breast ultrasound examination and mammography for second patient. Cysts were surgically removed and sent to the final histopathological verification. Patient 33 years old was diagnosed medullary breast cancer and undergone axillary dissection and breast sentinel node biopsy (SNB) with histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings, after that patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In patient 44 years old was diagnosed mucinous breast cancer, performed partial breast resection with axillary dissection and applied adjuvant hormonal therapy. Radiotherapy was conducted on both patients and they were followed for 3 years by a regional oncologic dispensary. Although malignant cells wasn’t find by cytological examination we have to be careful because in the wall of the cyst may be malignant cells, so histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings are the most relevant diagnostic procedures. Primary treatment of breast cancer is surgery, but important role in management have postoperative radiotherapy, chemotrerapy and hormonal therapy. Survival depends on the size, type of tumor and affected lymph nodes. Prognostic parameters which should be considered are: menopausal status, tumor size, tumor location, lymph node status, tumor type, nuclear grade, histological grade,
hormone receptors and tumor markers.

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or in the first postpartum year. High hormons level (estrogen, progesteron and prolactin) during this specific period make structural changes, increase breast volume and density and make the diagnosis often very difficult. We present the case of 38 old women, who noted a painless breast mass during first month of breastfeeding.