Na početku 21. veka, u vremenu društveno-političkih i ekonomskih previranja, u tadašnjoj Jugoslaviji nije bilo organizovanih naučnih i edukativnih aktivnosti u oblasti ehokardiografije. Zahvaljujući entuzijazmu nekoliko srpskih kardiologa, koji su prepoznali potrebu za promenom, aprila 2001. godine u Beogradu je osnovano ehokardiografsko udruženje, sa ciljem da postavi standarde ehokardiografskog pregleda, podrži naučne aktivnosti u oblasti ehokardiografije i osnaži saradnju sa međunarodnim ehokardiografskim organizacijama. Nakon raspada bivše Jugoslavije, prvobitan naziv «Jugoslovensko ehokardiografsko udruženje» (YUECHO), 2006. godine promenjen je u Ehokardiografsko udruženje Srbije (ECHOS).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of the Waldeyer’s ring tumor pathology. Waldeyer’s ring is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue that surrounds nasopharynx and oropharynx. It consists of a pharyngeal tonsil, two tubal tonsils, two palatinal tonsils in the oropharynx, and lingual tonsil. The tonsils are made of heterogeneous tissues, therefore inside the tonsils proliferations could be neoplastic or reactive nature. The participants in our retrospective research were one thousand one hundred thirty patients with histopathology report of tumors of the Waldeyer’s ring. Seven hundred eleven where male and four hundred nineteen were female. The research was conducted at the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Clinical Center of Serbia from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistic methods. It was found that the highest percent of participants developed reactive follicular hyperplasia (51,2%), 25.9% percent squamocellular carcinoma, 8.4% undifferentiated non keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and 8.0% nonHodgkin lymphoma. The most malignant tumors were found among male participants over 60 years of age. The majority of malignant tumors grew in oropharynx. The most common tumor was squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Evaluation of the usefulness of flow cytometry (FCM) serous effusion analysis in a diagnosis of pediatric Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Introduction: Serous effusions are often the first, life-threatening manifestation of pediatric NHL. FCM immunophenotyping of effusions with cytological analysis could help in diagnosis of NHL, and thus enable fast initiating of cytoreductive therapy. Material and Methods: FCM analysis of serous effusions obtained from 17 children and adolescents hospitalized in Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia under clinical suspicion of NHL using the standardized panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD19, iCD79a, CD20, CD10, iIgM, kappa/lambda, iCD3, sCD3, CD7, CD2, CD5, CD4, CD8, CD1a. Cytological examination was performed on May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained slides. The results were correlated with histopathological findings of available tumor biopsies. Results: Precursor T-cell (T-III/T-IV) phenotype was confirmed in 5 samples. In 7/9 samples with mature B (B-IV) phenotype, FAB L3 cytomorphology indicated Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and in 2/8 suggested diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Tumor biopsy was available in 7/14 patients and in all cases preliminary diagnosis was confirmed. In 3 patients with no malignant cells in effusions, FCM and cytomorphologicaly only reactive changes were observed, and diagnosis had to be made by tumor biopsy (BL 2 patients, DLBCL 1 patient). Out of 7 patients diagnosed only by FCM and cytological analysis, 6 achieved a remission of the illness. Conclusion: FCM detects NHL cells in malignant serous effusions fast and accurate. In combination with cytological analysis, FCM is sufficient for diagnosis in most cases, allowing rapid initiation of therapy.

Aim: Purpose of this report is to present metastasis of lymph nodes melanoma with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) as an example of collision tumor of an uncommon synchronic occurrence in the lymph node. Introduction: Synchronic, composite tumors are rare and their simultaneous and synchronic occurence within the same tissue/organ is even more rare. CLL/SLL is an indolent, clonal disease of mature B-lymphocytes which occurs mostly with adults. After the treatment with chemotherapeutic agents the occurence of the secondary malignancies (melanoma,squamous-cell carcinoma). Material and Methods: We present a 77 year old male who, after right sided nephrectomy caused by clear-cell carcinoma was diagnosed with CLL/SLL with bone marrow and lymph node infiltration. After three years and chemotherapy, skin changes were excised which histomorphologically resembles melanoma. After the immunotherapy for melanoma, the enlarged lymph nodes were extripated from the neck and histomorphologically and immunohistochemically treated. Results: Histomorphologically, a diffused infiltration of small B-lymphocytes was found in the lymph node, with round nuclei, condensed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm unique immunophenotype: CD20 ,PAX-5 ,CD5 ,CD23 ,Cyclin D1-,CD3-. A part of lymph node was infiltrated by epitheloid cells with immunohistochemic profile: S-100 ,Melan A ,HMB-45 . Histomorphological and immunohistochemical CLL/SLL with melanoma infiltration as an example of a collision tumor was proved. Conclusion: Lymphoproliferative neoplasms including CLL/SLL represent an risk of synchronous, metachronous development of secondary malignancies including melanoma itself and they can uncommonly present themselves as synchronic collision tumors within the same organ.

Aim and introduction: Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare, but distinct subtype of NMZL with characteristic clinical presentation, pathohistological and molecular features, therapy and prognosis. Results: We report the case of a 15-year-old boy with no remarkable past history, presented with painless enlargement of left submandibular lymph node (LN) for three months. He was admitted to the University Children’s Hospital in Belgrade in May 2016. The cervical ultrasound demonstrated moderate left submandibular lymphadenopathy, but also mild enlargement of two right submandibular LNs (17x7mm, 14x7mm). Physical examination, chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound revealed no hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy elsewhere. The result of blood count test was normal. Biochemistry showed elevated uric acid 499 umol/l, AST 45U/l, ALT 98U/l, and sedimentation rate (65mm/h). Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and CRP were normal. The patient underwent left submandibular LN excisional biopsy. The size of the LN was 47x37x20mm. The histopathological examination revealed partial architectural effacement: follicular hyperplasia and nodular B-cell infiltration with features of progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) in the form of fragmentation of follicles. A CD20 immunostain shows an abnormal expansion of the marginal zone with infiltration of interfollicular space. These B-cells were negative for CD3, CD5, CD23, EBV-LMP1, bcl-6, CD10, EMA, CD30, CD15, MUM-1, and positive for bcl-2 and IgD. A CD21/ CD23/ fascin immunostain showed an expanded and disrupted follicular dendritic cell meshwork. Ki-67 highlighted residual follicular polarisation and a low proliferation rate in the interfollicular areas. Based on these pathohistological findings it was concluded that LN likely represent reactive follicular hyperplasia with atypical marginal zone hyperplasia or possible PNMZL, with APSTRAKTI 95 MATERIA MEDICA • Vol. 34 • Issue 1, suplement 1 • april 2018. recommendation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of clonality. Additional IGH PCR analysis demonstrated biclonal heavy chain gene rearrangement. These findings were consistent with PNMZL. After consultation with members of International BFM study group for non-Hodgkin lymphomas, followup was recommended without any treatment. The patient has remained disease free for 22 months since diagnosis. Conclusion: We presented a rare case of PNMZL with morphological features of PTGC, but immunohistochemistry and additional PCR clonality analysis were crucial for final diagnosis. This case represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because of their rarity in the pediatric population.

Strano telo u disajnim putevima predstavlja životno ugrožavajuće stanje i zahteva urgentnu evaluaciju i lečenje. Prepoznavanje kliničke slike gušenja, anestezija i uklanjanje stranog tela u dečijem uzrastu predstavljaju veliki izazov za dečijeg anesteziologa i otorinolaringologa. U slučaju organskih stranih tela iritacija, inflamacija i bubrenje mogu dodatno komplikovati situaciju. Najuži deo disajnih puteva u deteta je subglotis i rigidni bronhoskop iritira ovo područje što može uzrokovati postoperativnu opstrukciju disajnog puta. Prikazujemo slučaj 13 mesečnog deteta koje je aspiriralo strano telo u levi bronh, kliničku sliku, preoperativnu pripremu, tehniku anestezije, tok rigidne bronhoskopije, kao i probleme sa kojima smo se susretali do izlečenja deteta.