The conventional cytology has a longstanding role in the diagnostics of primary and metastatic lung carcinoma. Multiple factors have influence on the choice of technique used: for example, the location of the lesion, its size, interpretation of the radiological imaging, the seriousness of the symptoms, as well as the manual skill and commitment of the physician to certain technique. In this paper, the most important sampling techniques and sample processing are shown as the most important factors of a successful pathohistological analysis.