The debate of proponents of laparoscopic and classical colorectal surgery is still ongoing, especially on the oncological principles of colorectal malignancy treatment. For now, there are promising results in terms of the adequacy of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of this disease. The study involved 60 patients with acceptable generalized operability and a diagnostically verified malignant neoplasm of colorectum. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients: patients who were operated with open and laparoscopically assisted colorectal surgery. Two groups of factors were collected and analyzed for all patients. The first group of factors was known preoperatively and the second group of factors was known postoperatively. There was no significant differences between the two groups concerning the age, sex, ASA score, preoperative hemoglobin values, blood type. Both groups were the most represented in the rectum cancer. The largest number of patients was G2 grade 49.1%. Surgical margins were negative for cancer in all examined patients. There was a statistically significant difference, in terms of a larger number of removed lymph glands in open surgery treated patients. The average number of lymph nodes removed laparoscopically was 14 (range 5-40), while in the classic-open group number was 20 (range 8-44). Laparoscopic group were able to retrieve >12 LNs in 70% of the cases while in classic-open group were able to retrieve >12 LNs in 93% of the cases. The third stage of the disease was significantly more prevalent in the classical group of patients than in laparoscopic group of patients (17: 7 patients). The average volume of the removed tumor in the laparoscopic group is 73 cm3, while in the classical group the average volume is 99 cm3. Our results show that classic-open and laparoscopic approaches in colorectal cancer surgery are associated with the retrieval of greater than 12 LNs, therefore both are adeqate for safe oncological treatment of this disease. With classic-open colorectal surgery, we are still able to retrive more matching LNs, compared to laparoscopic surgery.

The aim of this study is to show the correlation between histopathological findings of preoperative exploratory uterine curettage with the result of postoperative histopathological findings in endometrial cancer. Our retrospective study included 386 patients who underwent exploratory curettage and were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, and who were then subjected to surgical treatment for endometrial cancer. The patients were operated on in the period from 2016-2020. at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”. Retrospectively, 388 patients who underwent exploratory curettage and were diagnosed with endometrial cancer were included, who were then operated on. The mean age of the patients was 62.7 years and the coincidence of the findings of the histopathological type of endometrial cancer obtained by exploratory curettage and postoperatively was determined in 71.6%, and the coincidence of the histological grade of the cancer in 61.6% of cases. Exploratory uterine cirrhosis is a diagnostic procedure for endometrial cancer. Our results showed that in 4% of cases of endometrial cancers diagnosed by exploratory curettage, they were not found in the postoperative histopathological finding

Fat embolism syndrome represents a life-threatening condition in which blood vessels become clogged by fat droplets coming from fractured parts of the bones seldomly seen in patients with orthopedic trauma. Absence of specific diagnostic criteria and varying degree of presentation symptoms makes it hard to be diagnosed. We present a 20-years-old male injured in road traffic accident as a pedestrian, diagnosed with polytrauma and lethal outcome on the second day of admission. Autopsy and pathohistological findings confirmed death due to damage of important brain centers, as well as signs of massive fat embolism with fat particles found in lungs blood vessels as well as in systemic circulation, suggesting paradoxical embolism throughout exceedingly uncommon pulmonary right to left shunt capillaries, since completely closed heart foramen ovale was also found.

Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice. The first step in the diagnostic evaluation of hyponatremia is the volume assessment (clinical estimation of hypo/hypervolemia presence). In the cases of euvolemic hyponatremia, followed by decreased plasma osmolality (<275mOsm/kg) with urine osmolality >100mOsm/kg, urine sodium >30mmol/L along with normal intake of salt and water, preserved pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, adrenal function as well as no recent use of diuretics, syndrome of inappropriate diuresis (SIAD) is diagnosed. In symptomatic, especially acute hyponatremia, careful and gradual substitution by 3 (10) % sodium-chloride infusion is advised with liquid intake restriction, the administration of demeclocycline, urea, or vaptans, as well as causal treatment of SIAD. SIAD is often transient and etiologically clear. In this paper, we present two cases with idiopathic, chronic SIAD with poor outcomes. During the diagnostic follow-up, the cause of SIAD was not found. The autopsy finding was also adverse. In most cases, euvolemic hyponatremia in patients with chronic, idiopathic SIAD is an ominous sign.