A sense of satisfaction and well-being that covers various aspects of life can be defined as quality of life (QoL). Hypothyroidism can be clinically both latent and apparent. It is possible to evaluate general aspects of life, identify the presence and severity of diseases, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment while QoL measurement instruments are used. The timely initiation of levothyroxine (LT4) substitution in cases with latent hypothyroidism and the evaluation of LT4 substitution quality serve as evidence of the beneficial effects of used QoL instruments. Here, we introduced GHQ12, TSQ, and ThyPRO instruments most commonly used in routine thyroid clinical practice.

Thyroid nodules are among the most common thyroid diseases, with higher female gender prevalence. The crucial clinician’s diagnostic dilemma is to distinguish benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Benign nodules are far more common than malignant, while papillary thyroid carcinoma predominates among malignant nodules. There is no unique and completely accurate diagnostic test, method, or even biomarker that would indicate with great certainty the malignant nature of thyroid nodules. Most thyroid tumors developed due to changes in genes, where protein products regulate mitogen activated protein kinase/ extracellular signal-regulated kinases and protein kinase B/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways that stimulate proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of cells. Today, we know a certain number of point mutations and chromosome rearrangements present in malignant tumors, but their diagnostic usage is not significant yet. Phospholipids, free fatty acids, and nitric oxide are essential for the thyroid gland function. Thus, deranged levels of such parameters in serum and thyroid aspiration biopsy washout could have a prognostic impact on malignant thyroid diagnostics.