The aim of the study was to gain insight and determine the incidence of arterial hypertension in the study population over a 10-year period with special reference to the role of the nurse in the treatment of hypertensive patients in primary health care. Hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. The method of descriptive study was applied using data from the medical documentation of the Health Center “Vračar” in Belgrade for the period from 2010- 2019. The study included all patients who were treated for arterial hypertension during this period. A comparison of total mortality and patients with arterial hypertension was performed. The total number of reviewed histories for patients treated for arterial hypertension in the Health Center “Vracar” in Belgrade for the period 2010- 2019 was 72343. Compared to the total number of patients treated for hypertension in this period, the number of patients was significantly higher in 2010 ( 18.84%) and 2011 (14.88%), and the least treated was 2013 (7.23%). Comparing the percentage of patients with and treated for arterial hypertension in relation to the total number of treated patients, we found that during 10 years, on average, out of the total number of treated patients (712,360 patients), 10.16% and 72,343 patients were treated for arterial hypertension. Today, it is considered that the prevention of the disease is the most important, so the main goals of nursing are health promotion and prevention of the disease, especially in people with increased risk factors for the occurrence of hypertensive disease.