Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease, and it is shown that it has its roots in childhood. There is an obvious trend in the incidence of hypertension in the pediatric population, which follows the increase in the prevalence of obesity in this population. The de¿ nition of hypertension has undergone signi¿ cant changes over the past few decades. According to the modern de¿ nition, normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children above 90 percentile speci¿ c for age and gender. Given the great importance of the disease, both in medical and in the broader social context, it is necessary to establish clear diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, and effective programs for prevention and early diagnosis of hypertension in children.

Improved methods of early detection and modern therapeutic protocols for malignant diseases led to better survival and increased ratio of cured patients diagnosed for malignances. Cancer survivors are population with increased risk not only for recurrence of the disease but for new primaries and other chronic conditions. Life-style factors, such as nutrition, physical activity and weight management, play key role in preventing these risk factors. Patients in each phase of malignant disease have specific nutritional needs and location of the primary disease and therapeutic modalities additionally modify these needs.