We present a case of a patient with recurrent sialolithiasis. Sialolithiasis is a condition characterized by mechanical obstruction of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands. The etiology of calculus formation remains unclear. Preoperative laboratory analyses indicated vitamin D deficiency. Computed tomography revealed calculi in the parenchyma of the deep lobe of the right parotid gland and in Stenson’s duct, which were surgically removed. A review of the literature shows no correlation between calcium levels of serum and saliva. However, vitamin D has an anti-inflammatory role, and its deficiency may lead to sialoadenitis, thus promoting sialolithiasis. The aim of this case presentation is to emphasize how changes in saliva composition and vitamin D deficiency may influence recurrent sialolithiasis.